Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012
Abstract
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نامه به سردبیر
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 445-447
Original Article
Zahra Kavosi; Nahid Hatam; Hadi Hayati Abbarik; Mohsen Bayati; Javid Nemati
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 448-456
Abstract
Introduction: Patient/customer satisfaction and loyalty have gained increasing attention fromexecutives across the healthcare industry. Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) can beconsidered as one of the indicators of patient dissatisfaction. It has negative effects on patienttreatment and leads to ...
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Introduction: Patient/customer satisfaction and loyalty have gained increasing attention fromexecutives across the healthcare industry. Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) can beconsidered as one of the indicators of patient dissatisfaction. It has negative effects on patienttreatment and leads to increased hospital costs. Study of predictors of DAMA in a teachinghospital was the aim of this research.Methods: In this retrospective, case-control study during the winter if 2009, a total of 9463discharged patient medical records were reviewed. They were selected based on kind of dischargeusing systematic sampling. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and t-test and binaryregression in SPSS.Results: Overall, 9% of discharges in this period were against medical advices. There weresignificant associations between DAMA and health insurance status, hospital wards, and kind ofdisease. Emergency ward patients and patients with no health insurance were more likely to DAMA.Conclusion: High rate of DAMA should be considered by hospital managers. They should try tofind out the causes of DAMA to prevent it and finally improve satisfaction and loyalty of patients.
Original Article
Mustafa Ghaderzadeh; Farahnaz Sadoughi; Arvin Ketabat
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 457-464
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, the concepts of artificial neural networks (ANN) have extensivelyundergone remarkable development in early detection and classification of diseases such asbenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The usage of ANN has become widely accepted in medicalapplications owing to its ...
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Introduction: In recent years, the concepts of artificial neural networks (ANN) have extensivelyundergone remarkable development in early detection and classification of diseases such asbenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The usage of ANN has become widely accepted in medicalapplications owing to its potential capabilities for detecting the complex interactions amongvariables, diagnosis and diseases’ modeling. The present study aimed to design and implement adecision support system (DSS) based on ANN for early detection of prostate cancer.Methods: This survey design was conducted through data collection among 360 males withprostate abnormalities in Urology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, fromJanuary 2008 to March 2011. In order to assess the performance and accuracy of the designedsystem, sensitivity, specificity and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used asthe indicators of distinguishing prostate cancers from BPH. In order to implement DSS in thisstudy, scaled conjugate gradient (SCG) algorithm was used as the main algorithm for earlydetection of prostate cancer from benign prostate.Results: The proposed intelligent ANN-based system can be used as a strong diagnostic tool with97.0% specificity and 92.1% sensitivity for detecting the prostate cancer and to differentiate itfrom BPH. The results indicated a high potential of artificial neural network as a strong tool inclassification of prostatic neoplasia diseases.Conclusion: A medical decision support system was used aiming to help medical experts in theirclassification and early detection of prostatic neoplasia disorders in the present study. Suchartificial intelligent-based medical intelligent systems, particularly for neural networks, can helpphysicians in accurate decision-making concerning prostate cancer and BPH. Using suchsystems, specialists would be able to eliminate or minimize unnecessary biopsy and reducediagnostic costs. In addition, such systems can accelerate the diagnostic detection time.
Zahra Mastaneh; Lotfolah Mouseli
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 465-470
Abstract
Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) attempts to update ICD-10 (internationalclassification diseases-10th version) according to the required information of the scientificcommunity. In this study, changes of ICD-10 will be reviewed in updating process.Methods: The data of the present descriptive ...
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Introduction: World Health Organization (WHO) attempts to update ICD-10 (internationalclassification diseases-10th version) according to the required information of the scientificcommunity. In this study, changes of ICD-10 will be reviewed in updating process.Methods: The data of the present descriptive study was extracted from the World HealthOrganization website. The data were interpreted based on descriptive statistics after classificationof changes, type of instructions to make change, source of changes, and approved andimplementation date of the changes.Results: Out of 1914 changes occurred in ICD-10 during 1995 and 2009, the greatest changehappened in the third volume with 1249 cases (65.5%). Most of the major changes were in the firstvolume with 264 cases (50.1%) and most of the minor changes were in the second volume with 69cases (49.6%). The majority of the instruction changes were adding an item to the system in everythree volumes. Among the active groups for creating modification, mortality reference group(MRG) had the highest role in the first and second volumes with 107 (20.3%) and 116 cases(83.4%), respectively. Germany with 305 cases (24.4%) in the third volume had the highest role.Conclusion: Maintaining the fluidity of a classification system in the field of health is anenormous and necessary task. This fluidity has occurred in ICD-10 with making significantchanges due to new discoveries in the field of medicine, diagnostic and therapeutic equipmentsand health information subsequently. In Iran, due to the governmental policy to create the Iranianelectronic health records, the updated health classification is further needed.
Original Article
Mohammad Hossein Hayavi Haghighi; Mohammad Dehghani; Saeed Hosseini Teshizi; Behzad Asgari; Mostafa Reisi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 471-478
Abstract
Introduction: Since hospitals are the main healthcare providers, they are assumed as the maininstitutions for implementing information systems. Hospitals need efficient hospital informationsystem (HIS) to manage their raising needs. This study reviewed the importance of HIS,implementation of prerequisites ...
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Introduction: Since hospitals are the main healthcare providers, they are assumed as the maininstitutions for implementing information systems. Hospitals need efficient hospital informationsystem (HIS) to manage their raising needs. This study reviewed the importance of HIS,implementation of prerequisites and selection factors from views of staff of medical recorddepartment in hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This was a descriptive-cross sectional study in which study subjects included the staffof medical record department of hospitals affiliated to Hormozgan University of MedicalSciences. Views of staff were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of thequestionnaire was measured by content validity (by reviewing the relevant resources and facultymembers’ perspectives). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha test (0.94). The samplesize was equal with the sample population (n = 71). The researchers collected the necessary datathrough direct observation method.Results: According to the views of staff, importance of every three aspects i.e. “different criteriafor selecting HIS”, “importance of prerequisites for HIS implementation” and “importance ofusing HIS” was at high to very high level (91.4%, 89.6% and 77.4%, respectively). Staff withhigher educational level emphasized more on importance of HIS prerequisite implementation.Importance of different criteria for selection of HIS was more obvious among staff witheducational level related to their organizational position.Conclusion: Staff of medical record department had very positive attitude towards HISimplementation. Managers have to pay higher attention to the views and experiences of theseusers and staff in order to develop and upgrad these systems.
Original Article
Rouhollah Ghaedamini Asadabadi; Ahmad Amerieon; Shahram Tofighi; Fatemeh Azizian; Azam Fayazi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 479-489
Abstract
Introduction: One of the types of hospital management information systems is decision supportinformation system (DSIS). This system uses decision-making models and databases forpreparing specific information to support their semi-structured or unstructured decisions. Thepresent study aimed to design ...
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Introduction: One of the types of hospital management information systems is decision supportinformation system (DSIS). This system uses decision-making models and databases forpreparing specific information to support their semi-structured or unstructured decisions. Thepresent study aimed to design a decision DSIS model for Board of Trustees of Ayatollah KashaniHospital, Shahrekord, Iran.Methods: This exploratory and modeling study was performed in 2010 and conducted in Board ofTrustees Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord. The study population consisted of 30 Board ofDirectors and hospital administrators. Data collection was performed through a researcher-made42-item questionnaire with approved validity and reliability (85%) by the expert professors used forinterviewing and observation. The data were analyzed using principles of systems analysis andmanagement and, mathematical analysis and also operations research technique.Results: Complete information about identifying the organizational environment, informationarchitecture diagrams, the decision-making pattern of Board of Directors and the hospitalauthorities, the mathematical models and other decision-making models were achieved and theDSIS model was designed for Board of Trustees of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran.Conclusion: Hospital information architecture diagram did not have much difference comparedwith the other conducted studies; however, using DSIS model and its output through theoperations research techniques, mathematical patterns and other appropriate patterns wouldresulted in decisions that the hospital’s board might make and support them.
Original Article
Saeed Saeedbakhsh; Asghar Ehteshami; Mahtab Kasaei Isfahani
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 490-501
Abstract
Introduction: Hospital managers and healthcare providers should access to hospital informationsystem (HIS) in order to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Accurate,appropriate, precise, timely and valid information as well as an appropriateness informationsystem are required ...
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Introduction: Hospital managers and healthcare providers should access to hospital informationsystem (HIS) in order to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness in the organization. Accurate,appropriate, precise, timely and valid information as well as an appropriateness informationsystem are required for their tasks and a basis for decision-making in various levels of thehospital management. The present study was conducted to assess selected HIS in hospitalsaffiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, according to ISO 9241-10.Methods: This was an applied, descriptive cross-sectional study in which seven selected HISmedical records modules were assessed using ISO 9241-10 questionnaire consisting 74 rankedcomponents and entities in hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The contentvalidity and reliability were confirmed and the obtained data were analyzed through SPSSsoftware, and descriptive statistics were used to examine measures of central tendencies.Results: Data analysis suggested the following percentages concerning the software: 68%appropriateness for user’s tasks, 67% self-descriptiveness, 70% controllability by user, 74%compatibility with user’s expectations, 69% error tolerance, 53% possibility of individualization,and 68% possibility of desired learning for user. The total acceptability with the ISO 9241-10Software was 67%.Conclusion: Information is the basis for policy and decision-making in various levels of thehospital management. Consequently, it seems that developers of HIS should reduce HIS errorsand increase its appropriateness for the tasks, self-descriptiveness, controllability, conformitywith user’s expectations, error tolerance, appropriateness for individualization andappropriateness for user’s learning.
Original Article
Shirin Abbassi; Nahid Tavakoli; Mohammad Moslehi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 502-512
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, the accreditation program has been used increasingly by an emphasis onpatient safety. In Iran, efforts have been made to establish the accreditation program. In 2011, itreplaced previous standards of traditional evaluation system. As the impact of accreditation planneed internal ...
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Introduction: Recently, the accreditation program has been used increasingly by an emphasis onpatient safety. In Iran, efforts have been made to establish the accreditation program. In 2011, itreplaced previous standards of traditional evaluation system. As the impact of accreditation planneed internal self assessment against minimal standards, this study aimed to survey the readinessof selected hospitals in Isfahan based on the functional model of Joint Commission onAccreditation.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on four hospitals in Isfahan, Iran.Data was collected using 13 checklists based on the functional model of Joint CommissionInternational Accreditation. The checklists were verified by the Iranian Ministry of Health. Datawas collected via observations and interviews with hospital representatives in qualitymanagement. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.Results: The readiness of the selected hospitals in Isfahan was 64% regarding patient-basedstandards and 66% for facility-based standards. In general, the studied hospitals had adequatereadiness for implementation of accreditation standards.Conclusion: As the study population has ISO 9000 certification, it is possible to replace oldmethods of process, outcome, and structure evaluation with new standards. Accordingly, patientrights have to be considered by health care employers in Isfahan.
Original Article
Raziyeh Zahedi Anaraki; Niloofar Hodhodinezhad; Hasan Ashrafi Rizi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 513-524
Abstract
Introduction: Traditional medicine is not only useful in health care and improvement of qualityof life, but also is applied in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Hence, paying more attention tothis area is of high important. This study aimed to evaluate the scientific production and scientificmapping ...
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Introduction: Traditional medicine is not only useful in health care and improvement of qualityof life, but also is applied in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Hence, paying more attention tothis area is of high important. This study aimed to evaluate the scientific production and scientificmapping of Iranian researchers in traditional medicine during 1990-2011 in “Web of Science”database.Methods: This was an applied study in which scientometric indicators have been used.Documents of Iranian researchers in traditional medicine in Web of Sciences during 1990-2011were analyzed and then, the historiography of scientific productions was depicted.Results: Studies have shown that Iranian researchers in traditional medicine could be ranked asthe 26th in the world in term of scientific productions with 288 document records. Furthermore,the growth rate of scientific publications of this area was 53.3%. In addition, Abdollahi with 13records and Tehran University of Medical Sciences with 60 records had the highest rate ofscientific production in this field. Moreover, most documents were presented as articles and werepublished in Journal of Ethnopharmacology. No cluster was established from the top 50 records.Conclusion: In general, growth rate of scientific production in traditional medicine of Iranianresearcher has an upward trend. Nevertheless, global and total citations of these publications arevery poor which indicates that these publications are not effective enough
Original Article
Arash Shahin; Mahmoud Ahmadiazar
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 525-538
Abstract
maximize profits and minimize costs. However, in addition to segmentation, an optimalcombination of the customers, i.e. the number of the customers or their percentage, is required tobe specified in order to invest on development of products and services. In this study, bymaximizing the customers’ ...
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maximize profits and minimize costs. However, in addition to segmentation, an optimalcombination of the customers, i.e. the number of the customers or their percentage, is required tobe specified in order to invest on development of products and services. In this study, bymaximizing the customers’ satisfaction, we measured the optimal combination of the clients.Therefore, this study aimed to identify a method of deciding on the optimal combination of thecustomers based on the Kano Model and ideal programming.Methods: In terms of objectives, this study was developmental and applied; with regard to datacollection time, it was a cross-sectional survey; and in terms of nature of the data, the study was aqualitative and descriptive investigation. Based on literature review concerning costumers’satisfaction, logical frameworks for maximizing customers’ satisfaction in addition to thehierarchical dimensions of the quality of services were evaluated. In order to maximize thecustomers’ satisfaction, an ideal programming model has been used. The proposed modelindicated the maximization of the customers’ satisfaction in which the hierarchical dimensions ofthe quality of services have been considered based on Kano model. Furthermore, the dimensionsof the quality of services constitute the constraints of the model of which the decision-makingvariables coefficients have been calculated through the Kano standard questionnaire andcustomers’ satisfaction maximization. A standard questionnaire was designed and completed bythe participants in the cardiology clinic of Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The study subjects(n = 196) were randomly selected among the patients who had referred to the above mentionedclinic during August and November 2010. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires wereevaluated using content validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results: WinQSB (windows for qualitative system for business) software was used to analyzethe data. The findings indicated that the proposed approach is able to specify the optimalcombination of the patients. Thirty-four percent of the patients suffered from myocardialinfarction (MI) and 66 percent were patients with valvular heart disease.Conclusion: In general, the findings of the present study were effectiveness in customers’segmentation, planning to provide appropriate services compatible with different customers’needs and increased positive outcomes by hospital.
Original Article
Marzieh Javadi; Hamid Ganji; Ahmadreza Reiesi; Maryam Yaghoobi; Parvin , Hematian
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 539-547
Abstract
Introduction: In today’s world, organizations are attempting to achieve advantages andcompetitive results. Understanding mutual interactions between organizations and using modernmanagement techniques as well as modern management tools might have an influential effect onobtaining optimal organizational ...
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Introduction: In today’s world, organizations are attempting to achieve advantages andcompetitive results. Understanding mutual interactions between organizations and using modernmanagement techniques as well as modern management tools might have an influential effect onobtaining optimal organizational results. Nowadays, one of the competitive advantages is applyingthe excellence models. The present study aimed to evaluate the improvable areas in Al-ZahraHospital, (Isfahan, Iran) using EFQM (European foundation for quality management) model.Methods: This was an applied, cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was performedusing EFQM questionnaire through census method. Thirty-nine managers were involved in all thelevels (junior, senior and operational management) of this study.Results: The results showed the Al-Zahra Hospital obtained total score of 502.78 (out of 1000scores). The obtained score was 259.60 in enablers area and 243.08 in results area. Each of the nineEFQM-criteria score and percentages were as the following: Leadership 52 scores (52%) policy andstrategy 43 (54%), human resources 42 (47%), resources and companies 50 (56%) and processes 70(50.6%) for the enablers area. In the results area customer satisfaction score was 97 (48.8%), staffsatisfaction 31.5 (35%), society results 30.7 (51%) and key performance results was 83.6 (55.7%).Conclusion: Implementation of the self-evaluation model in this hospital led to identification ofstrengths and areas in need of improvement. Out of enabler and results criteria, staff andcostumer satisfaction were with lowest scores, respectively; which are considered as the areaswith improvement prioritization. Therefore, further attention is required for improving thesemodification criteria in hospitals.
Original Article
Elham Taati Keley; Ali Meshkini; Davoud Khorasani Zavareh
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 548-557
Abstract
Introduction: Equity in health means justice in the distribution of community health. Thepurpose of justice in health is to consider health needs of all people regardless of theirgeographical location or cultural, economic, and social status. The aim of this study was to assessdistribution of specialists ...
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Introduction: Equity in health means justice in the distribution of community health. Thepurpose of justice in health is to consider health needs of all people regardless of theirgeographical location or cultural, economic, and social status. The aim of this study was to assessdistribution of specialists based on population (100,000 people) in public hospitals of Iranianprovinces during 2010.Methods: In this descriptive study, distribution of each specialization in different provinces wasshown as maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, and median. In order to display therelation between number of specialists and population, the correlation coefficient was employed.Data was analyzed using SPSS.Results: The highest and lowest ratios of specialists to population of 100,000 people in specialtyfields were observed in case of pediatricians (1.72) and neurosurgeons (0.31), respectively. Thehighest and lowest correlations between specialized fields and population were in pathology(0.96) and psychiatry (0.47), respectively. Meanwhile, the highest and lowest ratios of specialiststo population were observed in Yazd Province (19.22) and Sistan and Baluchestan Province (8.8),respectively.Conclusion: This study showed a high correlation between the number of specialists andpopulation in public hospitals of Iran. Moreover, distribution of specialists was morehomogeneous during the last five years. Appropriate management can improve the current status.
Original Article
Susan Bahrami,; Mohammad Yarmohammadian; Masood Ferdosi; Rezvan Ojaghi; Fahimeh Sadat Ezadi Varaki; Marzieh Golkar
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 558-566
Abstract
Introduction: Human skills, knowledge and efficiency are important factors in the success oforganizations and community health centers which have a critical role in total qualitymanagement (TQM) as a management system. Knowledge is necessary as a source for theorganizations survival. On the other hand, ...
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Introduction: Human skills, knowledge and efficiency are important factors in the success oforganizations and community health centers which have a critical role in total qualitymanagement (TQM) as a management system. Knowledge is necessary as a source for theorganizations survival. On the other hand, in order for implementation of knowledgemanagement, there is a need for a relatively long period, providing intellectual and culturalcontexts, educational skills and knowledge and technological centers. This study aimed todetermine the relationship between TQM and knowledge management from the perspective offaculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study. The study subjects included the total offaculty members of University of Isfahan (491 people) and Isfahan University of MedicalSciences (594) during academic years 2009-2010 who were selected through proportionatestratified random sampling (300). Data collection tools included a Baldrige questionnaire basedon the TQM model and knowledge management components based on Pastor standardquestionnaire. The content and face validity of questionnaires were confirmed and reliabilitythrough Cronbach's alpha coefficient were obtained as 0.87 and 0.91, respectively.Results: Mean of all the TQM criteria were higher than average in University of Isfahan exceptleadership, strategic planning and human resource management. It was the same in IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences except criteria like focusing on customer, information analysis,strategic planning and process management. All the components of knowledge management weremore than average level in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and except refining theknowledge in University of Isfahan. Correlation coefficient between scores of TQM and knowledgemanagement components was significant (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, multiple regression showed thatthe correlation between TQM and knowledge management was statistically significant.Conclusion: TQM criteria can be effective in line with appropriate functioning of knowledgemanagement and its impact on organizational performance can also increase the efficiency of theorganization
مقاله کوتاه
mehdi Alipour-hafezi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 594-601
Abstract
Introduction: Direct and rapid access to information is one of the main necessities of the users innew technological world. Nowadays, information users, particularly medical information inwhich rapid access is of necessity, do not have enough time to search and access to information.Therefore, the present ...
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Introduction: Direct and rapid access to information is one of the main necessities of the users innew technological world. Nowadays, information users, particularly medical information inwhich rapid access is of necessity, do not have enough time to search and access to information.Therefore, the present study aimed to determine strategies to access required information as soonas possible.Methods: This study was performed using library research and content analysis to providestrategies for content and services integration in central library software of Iranian Universities ofMedical Sciences. Since there is one central library in each university, all central libraries of 46Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences affiliated to Ministry of Health and Medical Education,constituted the study population. Descriptive statistics and Excel software were used in order toanalyze, describe, and evaluate the findings.Results: Findings of this study illustrated that central libraries in the studied universities as wellas their used software for storage and retrieval of bibliographic information and also some of thedata software do not care about information exchange and consequently integration ofinformation with other academic central libraries. 71.4% of the studied libraries used ParsAzarakhsh Software. The mentioned software uses MARC metadata format. In addition, 86% ofthe studied applications could offer standard output metadata format.Conclusion: Given the findings of this study, it is possible to use integration strategies in order toexploit the existing data. Therefore, the studied libraries should integrate their bibliographic data.Thus, it is recommended to use simultaneous searching model, Z39.50 protocol and ISO 2709standard to integrate their data.
مقاله مروری نقلی
Mousa YaminFirooz; Fatemeh NooshinFard; Hasan Siamian
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 567-579
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the concepts and characteristics of Wilson's information seekingbehavior model, as the highly cited pattern in information seeking behavior debates and tracingits completion, expansion and development process. Wilson's information seeking behaviormodel is the base for other ...
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This study aimed to describe the concepts and characteristics of Wilson's information seekingbehavior model, as the highly cited pattern in information seeking behavior debates and tracingits completion, expansion and development process. Wilson's information seeking behaviormodel is the base for other subsequent related models. It has been the highly cited model amongstother information seeking behavior models worldwide. Having revised four times since 1981, themodel has been revised by many researchers as a theory rather than a theoretical framework. Inother words, despite the role of theory in its final formation, the aim of the model is to connecttheory to practice. It is important to note that Wilson's general model has been constructed andevolved continuously and the understanding of the connections and relations of the charts andconceptions embedded in the model in details has been important for its explanation. No patternis complete by itself and for showing the growth trends of research ideas from the model, it isnecessary to revise the charts and concepts embedded in both 1981 and 1996 Wilson's modelvarieties and practice accordingly. In this study, concepts and features of Wilson's informationseeking model have been expressed, and a brief overview of the information seeking behaviortheories and analysis of the Wilson's information seeking behavior models have been performed
مقاله مروری نقلی
Abdolmahdi Rajaei; Morteza Nouraei,; Loghman Dehghan Nayyeri
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 580-593
Abstract
One of the most important institutions of a city is hospital as it is directly involved with life of thecitizens. This review article aimed to study the circumstance of establishing newer hospitals inIsfahan city, Iran, which was started in late Qajar Dynasty era with a pause during theconstitutional ...
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One of the most important institutions of a city is hospital as it is directly involved with life of thecitizens. This review article aimed to study the circumstance of establishing newer hospitals inIsfahan city, Iran, which was started in late Qajar Dynasty era with a pause during theconstitutional era and was extended to Reza Shah Pahlavi in its modern form. The mainreferences for this study were the reports of local newspapers and press. It is obvious that thesetypes of resources would shed light on the real healthcare situation dominated on the life of thecitizens. This is partly due to the official reports which may not contain the real city dweller'sopinions. On the other hand, the audience cycle of the newspapers that covered the majority ofthe ordinary people's views seems more advantageous rather than merely referring to thebureaucratic documents and reports by the administrative authorities view. This article will alsoshow that since the constitutional era, 1906 to 1941, six hospitals have been established inIsfahan, either by local government or non-governmental charities (municipalities and religiousdelegations). The role of the governmental authority in this regard was mainly suport andencouragement. The urban renewal system, enhanced health situation in the reign of Reza ShahPahlavi and the partnership between private sectors, semi-private sectors and government causedto meet demand for hospitals in Isfahan during that period.
نقد کتاب
Mina Afshar; Rezvan Ojaghi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 602-607
نقد کتاب
Nireh Sadat Soleymanzadeh; Parisa Malek Ahmadi
Volume 9, Issue 4 , September and October 2012, Pages 608-613
