Isfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222IndexIndex1165010.22122/him.v15i5.3827FAIndexJournal0000-0003-0874-1906Journal Article20190204 Click to download the index of this issue. Click to download the index of this issue.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11650_800d7c5998783ff37a6125f825db6247.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222Design and Implementation of a Context-Aware Mobile Geographic Information System for Guiding Relief Forces after an Earthquake: A Case Study in Maragheh City, IranDesign and Implementation of a Context-Aware Mobile Geographic Information System for Guiding Relief Forces after an Earthquake: A Case Study in Maragheh City, Iran2012071165110.22122/him.v15i5.3598FAAkbarMoradiMSc, Geographical Information System, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mamaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mamaghan, Iran0000-0002-1873-0592ZahraNasiriMSc, Health Information Technology, Department of Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-1873-0592Journal Article20180429Introduction: The earthquake causes thousands of people to fall under the rubble, and if we do not help them as soon as possible, they will lose their lives. On the other hand, rescuers for quicker relief need to have more structured information available at any time and any place. This information helps them justify their position in areas destroyed by an earthquake. The aim of the present study was to implement a system for guiding relief forces in Maragheh City, Iran.Methods: The current research was a descriptive analytical study conducted in the city of Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2018. The information needed in this research was obtained through field observations and location coordinates from Google Maps. Coding was done in the Android environment using Basic4android and SQLite software.Results: Considering the contexts of position, direction, and speed of movement, a context-aware system was implemented for guiding relief forces in the city of Maragheh after the earthquake. This system could show the rescuers online information, such as the position of rescuers, sensitive locations, and the number of people living in a building, and also the shortest route to reach these locations.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the use of position, direction, and speed of movement contexts to guide rescuers will increase the efficiency and speed of relief operations and ultimately save people who have been remained under rubble.Introduction: The earthquake causes thousands of people to fall under the rubble, and if we do not help them as soon as possible, they will lose their lives. On the other hand, rescuers for quicker relief need to have more structured information available at any time and any place. This information helps them justify their position in areas destroyed by an earthquake. The aim of the present study was to implement a system for guiding relief forces in Maragheh City, Iran.Methods: The current research was a descriptive analytical study conducted in the city of Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2018. The information needed in this research was obtained through field observations and location coordinates from Google Maps. Coding was done in the Android environment using Basic4android and SQLite software.Results: Considering the contexts of position, direction, and speed of movement, a context-aware system was implemented for guiding relief forces in the city of Maragheh after the earthquake. This system could show the rescuers online information, such as the position of rescuers, sensitive locations, and the number of people living in a building, and also the shortest route to reach these locations.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the use of position, direction, and speed of movement contexts to guide rescuers will increase the efficiency and speed of relief operations and ultimately save people who have been remained under rubble.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11651_9b34958c2bde3f10f457af458ed7cda4.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and the Privacy Observation with the Moderating Role of Deterrence FactorsThe Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and the Privacy Observation with the Moderating Role of Deterrence Factors2082131165210.22122/him.v15i5.3538FASamanehPourmehrMSc Student, Management, Department of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9437-3497Hamid RezaPeikariAssistant Professor, Management, Department of Management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-9437-3497ParastooGolshiriAssociate Professor, Community Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-6077-4054Journal Article20180207Introduction: Protecting patients’ privacy by psychiatry hospitals’ staff has a high priority due to possible negative effects of the disclosure of their information on patients’ reputation. This research aimed to assess the relationship between perceived organizational justice and privacy observation with the moderating role of deterrent factors in psychiatry hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation research, and study population consisted of 445 medical staff in two psychiatry hospitals in Isfahan City (Farabi and Modarres). Sample size was set to 205 staff members, following Morgan table, and classified sampling method was used to select 126 and 79 participants from Farabi and Modarres hospitals, respectively. The questionnaire was a five-point Likert scale, adapted from four different questionnaires and the face, content, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine its validity, and Cronbach’s alpha for its reliability. Descriptive analyses were performed and partial least square modeling was employed to test the hypotheses.Results: There was a positive significant correlation between distributive (P < 0.05), procedural (P < 0.01), and interactional organizational justice (P < 0.01) with intention of privacy observation. Moreover, the correlation of distributive (P < 0.01), procedural (P < 0.05), and interactional organizational justice (P < 0.05) with intention of privacy observation found to be moderated by deterrent.Conclusion: This model can be used to predict privacy breach in hospitals, and make policies regarding patients’ privacy. Implementing a fair system for supervision of treatment staff in hospitals, as well as compilation and execution of instructions regarding the certainty and severity of sanctions against violation of patients’ privacy can reduce the likelihood of privacy breaches in hospitals.Introduction: Protecting patients’ privacy by psychiatry hospitals’ staff has a high priority due to possible negative effects of the disclosure of their information on patients’ reputation. This research aimed to assess the relationship between perceived organizational justice and privacy observation with the moderating role of deterrent factors in psychiatry hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation research, and study population consisted of 445 medical staff in two psychiatry hospitals in Isfahan City (Farabi and Modarres). Sample size was set to 205 staff members, following Morgan table, and classified sampling method was used to select 126 and 79 participants from Farabi and Modarres hospitals, respectively. The questionnaire was a five-point Likert scale, adapted from four different questionnaires and the face, content, and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine its validity, and Cronbach’s alpha for its reliability. Descriptive analyses were performed and partial least square modeling was employed to test the hypotheses.Results: There was a positive significant correlation between distributive (P < 0.05), procedural (P < 0.01), and interactional organizational justice (P < 0.01) with intention of privacy observation. Moreover, the correlation of distributive (P < 0.01), procedural (P < 0.05), and interactional organizational justice (P < 0.05) with intention of privacy observation found to be moderated by deterrent.Conclusion: This model can be used to predict privacy breach in hospitals, and make policies regarding patients’ privacy. Implementing a fair system for supervision of treatment staff in hospitals, as well as compilation and execution of instructions regarding the certainty and severity of sanctions against violation of patients’ privacy can reduce the likelihood of privacy breaches in hospitals.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11652_8c71d6367dc1f7a95488ccff97c2f37e.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222The Similarity between Science and Technology Literature in Dental Implants FieldThe Similarity between Science and Technology Literature in Dental Implants Field2142191165310.22122/him.v15i5.3534FAFatemehMakkizadehAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0001-6959-2954MohammadTavakolizadeh-RavariAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranNegarMansooriMSc Student, Scientometrics, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, IranFaramarzSoheiliAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2581-7052Journal Article20180201Introduction: The relationship between science and technology is of evolving and changing type, and it might vary from discipline to discipline and from time to time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and explain the relationship between the science and technology in dental implants field. Methods: This study was implemented through content analysis, using co-word analysis approach. The database on the United States Patent and Trademark Office was used to retrieve patents, while the PubMed was used to retrieve the papers in dental implants field. In total, 1479 papers as well as 433 patents were studied. The phrase "dental implants" was searched as a Mesh descriptor, and the document type was filtered by "clinical trial".Results: Assessment of the asymmetric similarity of the phrases used in clinical trial with patents and vice versa revealed that 39.15% of the terms used in patents were also used in these papers. In other words, 39.15% of the terms of patents were similar to the ones used in papers of clinical trial. This was while only 5.31% of the terms in these papers were the same terms used in patent papers.Conclusion: The accessibility of a document will increase its application and its visibility. In other words, it can be inferred that technology is affected by science. In general, in dental implants field, the path to science and technology is interconnected, and there is a direct relationship between them; however this is a two-way relationship, but technology has more influence on science.Introduction: The relationship between science and technology is of evolving and changing type, and it might vary from discipline to discipline and from time to time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and explain the relationship between the science and technology in dental implants field. Methods: This study was implemented through content analysis, using co-word analysis approach. The database on the United States Patent and Trademark Office was used to retrieve patents, while the PubMed was used to retrieve the papers in dental implants field. In total, 1479 papers as well as 433 patents were studied. The phrase "dental implants" was searched as a Mesh descriptor, and the document type was filtered by "clinical trial".Results: Assessment of the asymmetric similarity of the phrases used in clinical trial with patents and vice versa revealed that 39.15% of the terms used in patents were also used in these papers. In other words, 39.15% of the terms of patents were similar to the ones used in papers of clinical trial. This was while only 5.31% of the terms in these papers were the same terms used in patent papers.Conclusion: The accessibility of a document will increase its application and its visibility. In other words, it can be inferred that technology is affected by science. In general, in dental implants field, the path to science and technology is interconnected, and there is a direct relationship between them; however this is a two-way relationship, but technology has more influence on science.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11653_0dc23b6a0e4abc39904388dd3ffadcd1.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222Study of Similarities of Terms in Title, Author's Keywords and Controlled Vocabulary for Determining the Appropriate Field in Scientometric Thematic AnalysisStudy of Similarities of Terms in Title, Author's Keywords and Controlled Vocabulary for Determining the Appropriate Field in Scientometric Thematic Analysis2202251165410.22122/him.v15i5.3560FAFaridehOsarehProfessor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-6691-0339MohammadTavakolizadeh-RavariAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0000-0003-1649-671XZahedBigdeliProfessor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranRoghayehGhazaviPhD Student, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-4829-2167Journal Article20180914Introduction: One problem in conducting scientometric thematic analysis is selecting which of the bibliographic fields containing the topics can be analyzed. This study aimed to compare subject fields of documents to determine the field or a combination of fields which are suitable for conducting a complete and proper thematic analysis in scientometrics.Methods: This was a descriptive research with content analysis approach. Scientific products in the field of functional gastrointestinal disorders were extracted from the Scopus database. The analysis was done on 13798 documents, which included title, author keywords, and index keywords. After clustering using the K-Means method, and calculating the inclusion index for created clusters, the similarity of keywords between the three fields was determined.Results: There was a high similarity between the index and the author keywords (87.71 and 85.71). The low amount of the index in the title field and the index keywords (0) also suggested that there was little similarity between the controlled vocabulary and the keywords used by the authors in the title, and that authors did not use the preferred vocabulary in the title.Conclusion: Using the words of the title field will show the results of the natural language analysis. However, if the purpose of a study is categorizing terms, the use of index keywords field will be the most appropriate.Introduction: One problem in conducting scientometric thematic analysis is selecting which of the bibliographic fields containing the topics can be analyzed. This study aimed to compare subject fields of documents to determine the field or a combination of fields which are suitable for conducting a complete and proper thematic analysis in scientometrics.Methods: This was a descriptive research with content analysis approach. Scientific products in the field of functional gastrointestinal disorders were extracted from the Scopus database. The analysis was done on 13798 documents, which included title, author keywords, and index keywords. After clustering using the K-Means method, and calculating the inclusion index for created clusters, the similarity of keywords between the three fields was determined.Results: There was a high similarity between the index and the author keywords (87.71 and 85.71). The low amount of the index in the title field and the index keywords (0) also suggested that there was little similarity between the controlled vocabulary and the keywords used by the authors in the title, and that authors did not use the preferred vocabulary in the title.Conclusion: Using the words of the title field will show the results of the natural language analysis. However, if the purpose of a study is categorizing terms, the use of index keywords field will be the most appropriate.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11654_459f9394f0bcd67a08a322b56db20dd3.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222Scientific Mapping of Chronic Heart Failure based on Co-citation AnalysisScientific Mapping of Chronic Heart Failure based on Co-citation Analysis2262321165510.22122/him.v15i5.3671FAFaramarzSoheiliAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2581-7052ParisaHasanzadehPhD, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Humanities, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, IranAfshinMousavi-ChelakAssistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5614-1334Ali AkbarKhassehAssistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Education and Psychology, Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180702Introduction: Since chronic heart failure is considered as one of the main causes of death around the world, it is necessary to map the intellectual structure of studies in this area. This study attempted to map the knowledge structure of chronic heart failure using document co-citation analysis.Methods: Bibliometric methodology and social network analysis were used as the research methods. The study population comprised 11967 records in the field of chronic heart failure published during the period of 2000-2015, which were retrieved from Web of Science database. The correlation matrix and hierarchical clustering were used for document co-citation analysis.Results: “Anker SD”, with 194 papers, was the most productive researcher in chronic heart failure. Again, “Anker SD”, with 12820 citations, was the most cited scientist in this field in Web of Science. “Bristow M” and “Cleland J” were the most frequent co-citation pairs within chronic heart failure, with 634 co-occurrences.Conclusion: The intellectual structure of knowledge in chronic heart failure is an evolving structure, and the clusters identified in this study can be included in the curriculum of the field. Furthermore, these results can help policymakers to identify both unaddressed and matured topics.Introduction: Since chronic heart failure is considered as one of the main causes of death around the world, it is necessary to map the intellectual structure of studies in this area. This study attempted to map the knowledge structure of chronic heart failure using document co-citation analysis.Methods: Bibliometric methodology and social network analysis were used as the research methods. The study population comprised 11967 records in the field of chronic heart failure published during the period of 2000-2015, which were retrieved from Web of Science database. The correlation matrix and hierarchical clustering were used for document co-citation analysis.Results: “Anker SD”, with 194 papers, was the most productive researcher in chronic heart failure. Again, “Anker SD”, with 12820 citations, was the most cited scientist in this field in Web of Science. “Bristow M” and “Cleland J” were the most frequent co-citation pairs within chronic heart failure, with 634 co-occurrences.Conclusion: The intellectual structure of knowledge in chronic heart failure is an evolving structure, and the clusters identified in this study can be included in the curriculum of the field. Furthermore, these results can help policymakers to identify both unaddressed and matured topics.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11655_8541259db852d274c5de8d45fc29ea21.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222The Self-Efficacy of Health Literacy and Affecting Factors: A Metasynthesis StudyThe Self-Efficacy of Health Literacy and Affecting Factors: A Metasynthesis Study2332391165610.22122/him.v15i5.3675FAFatemehFahimniaAssociate Professor, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8991-5391MahboobehMomtazanPhD Student, Knowledge and Information Science, Department of Knowledge and Information Science, School of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9771-6934Journal Article20180708Introduction: Health literacy has been attended by UNESCO and all human societies from years ago. Due to the importance of this kind of literacy in individual and society health status, many studies have been conducted on the development of this type of literacy in various fields of health and medicine. Self-efficacy can help the people to promote their health literacy, and on the other hand, is related to the ability of individuals to maintain their own, family, and community health. This study reviewed the self-efficacy of health literacy and affecting factors in previous studies.Methods: The present study used a far-reaching approach to analyze the findings of qualitative studies on health literacy. After identifying the keywords and searching the internal and external databases including Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and PubMed, 649 articles were found. By reviewing articles and applying language, years, and study type filters 25 papers were selected, and the categories were extracted using Shannon's table and Cohen's Kappa coefficient.Results: Codes were classified into three categories and eight concepts. The category of psychological factors included three concepts of self-management, individual skills, and social skills, the category of communication components included two concepts of communication and health information exchange, and the category of educational factors included three concepts of educational content and resources, educational barriers and constraints, and educational effectiveness. Codes such as self-efficacy, self-management, awareness of disease symptoms, and awareness of preventive measures had the most prevalence among various categories.Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting the self-efficacy of health literacy were identified, that could be used to plan effective health literacy training programs to promote health status.Introduction: Health literacy has been attended by UNESCO and all human societies from years ago. Due to the importance of this kind of literacy in individual and society health status, many studies have been conducted on the development of this type of literacy in various fields of health and medicine. Self-efficacy can help the people to promote their health literacy, and on the other hand, is related to the ability of individuals to maintain their own, family, and community health. This study reviewed the self-efficacy of health literacy and affecting factors in previous studies.Methods: The present study used a far-reaching approach to analyze the findings of qualitative studies on health literacy. After identifying the keywords and searching the internal and external databases including Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and PubMed, 649 articles were found. By reviewing articles and applying language, years, and study type filters 25 papers were selected, and the categories were extracted using Shannon's table and Cohen's Kappa coefficient.Results: Codes were classified into three categories and eight concepts. The category of psychological factors included three concepts of self-management, individual skills, and social skills, the category of communication components included two concepts of communication and health information exchange, and the category of educational factors included three concepts of educational content and resources, educational barriers and constraints, and educational effectiveness. Codes such as self-efficacy, self-management, awareness of disease symptoms, and awareness of preventive measures had the most prevalence among various categories.Conclusion: In this study, factors affecting the self-efficacy of health literacy were identified, that could be used to plan effective health literacy training programs to promote health status.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11656_a301fcd6ae4df201b8372aed34b0cbef.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222Economic Barriers of Health Researches in Iran: A Narrative Review ArticleEconomic Barriers of Health Researches in Iran: A Narrative Review Article2402461165710.22122/him.v15i5.3401FAHassanAshrafi-RiziAssociate Professor, Library and Information Sciences, Health Information Technology Research Center AND Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Information, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0001-6052-2087MohammadrezaSoleymaniAssociate Professor, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-3647-3649MohammadrezaHashemianPhD Student, Medical Library and Information Sciences, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0003-0504-9674Journal Article20170831Research is considered as an important investment for promoting innovation, knowledge development and economic development of countries. The aim of this study was to determine the economic barriers of health research in Iran. This was a narrative review. The data was collected through studying the articles published on information databases like Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and PubMed. The keywords used in this research included "Barriers to Research", "Research”, “Economics", "Research Market" "Health" and other similar keywords. The study of economic barriers of health researchers showed that four factors including lack of research funding, lower investment in research, inadequate relationship with industry, and the non-commercialization of research results are considered as economic barriers in health research. Considering the new approaches of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the field of health research, it is necessary to attract funds from outside universities, strengthen the relationship between industry and academic sectors, improve the quality of researches, and increase commercialization of research results.Research is considered as an important investment for promoting innovation, knowledge development and economic development of countries. The aim of this study was to determine the economic barriers of health research in Iran. This was a narrative review. The data was collected through studying the articles published on information databases like Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and PubMed. The keywords used in this research included "Barriers to Research", "Research”, “Economics", "Research Market" "Health" and other similar keywords. The study of economic barriers of health researchers showed that four factors including lack of research funding, lower investment in research, inadequate relationship with industry, and the non-commercialization of research results are considered as economic barriers in health research. Considering the new approaches of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in the field of health research, it is necessary to attract funds from outside universities, strengthen the relationship between industry and academic sectors, improve the quality of researches, and increase commercialization of research results.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11657_5957b59b3b33dbf65c5f66aecb0394f7.pdfIsfahan University of Medical SciencesHealth Information Management1735-785315520181222Reviewing the Nature, Necessity, Types, and Problems of Utilization Studies in Health Services to Assess and Control the Consumption of Healthcare Services in Health Insurance OrganizationsReviewing the Nature, Necessity, Types, and Problems of Utilization Studies in Health Services to Assess and Control the Consumption of Healthcare Services in Health Insurance Organizations2472521165810.22122/him.v15i5.3685FAMasoudFerdosiAssociate Professor, Health Services Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences AND Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-0683-2719Mohammad RezaRezayatmandAssistant Professor, Health Economics, Department of Health Economics, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences AND Health Management and Economics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan, IranAbbasFeizbakhshGeneral Practitioner, Monitoring and Evaluation Office, Iran Health Insurance Headquarters of Isfahan Province, Isfahan, IranHamid RezaDehghaniPhD, Neurosciences, Medical Document Investigation Office, Iran Health Insurance Headquarters of Isfahan Province, Isfahan, IranGolnooshAghili-DehkordiMSc Student, Health Services Management, Department of Health Services Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran0000-0002-1608-9252Journal Article20180721Consuming medical services is labeled as utilization. Utilization studies are used by insurance companies to study the behavior of medical service consumers. Currently, insurance companies focus more on caregivers' behavior, and neglect the consumers’ side. This was a narrative review study carried out in year 2018 to emphasize the necessity of utilization reviews and their importance. In this study, we used ProQuest, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases without any time limitation. We chose 50 articles and reviewed them to found 5 essential questions about utilization reviews, and their importance, differences, and challenges, as well as factors affecting them. Our study revealed that having standardized data formats for service providers, integrated data pools, and relevant software sensitive to unusual service consumers, facilitate the utilization review studies.Consuming medical services is labeled as utilization. Utilization studies are used by insurance companies to study the behavior of medical service consumers. Currently, insurance companies focus more on caregivers' behavior, and neglect the consumers’ side. This was a narrative review study carried out in year 2018 to emphasize the necessity of utilization reviews and their importance. In this study, we used ProQuest, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases without any time limitation. We chose 50 articles and reviewed them to found 5 essential questions about utilization reviews, and their importance, differences, and challenges, as well as factors affecting them. Our study revealed that having standardized data formats for service providers, integrated data pools, and relevant software sensitive to unusual service consumers, facilitate the utilization review studies.https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_11658_5fdfe2c20035ef27771422342d1842ff.pdf