Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 A software architecture for data sharing in smart hospitals A software architecture for data sharing in smart hospitals 182 192 32975 10.48305/him.2025.42732.1202 FA Sara Mohamadian Oliaee School of Intelligent Systems, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, University of Tehran 0009-0004-6221-8432 Mohammad Khansari School of Intelligent Systems, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technologies, University of Tehran 0000-0001-5123-346X Journal Article 2024 05 21 Introduction: The abundance and diversity of healthcare data play pivotal role in service delivery to various stakceholders. Upon examination of the smart hospital requirements and state-of-art in literature, a critical requirement emerges - the provision of appropriate software architecture to conduct data sharing. Methods: Requirements analysis is carried out by both considering current challenges of Panzdah Khordad hospital as a case and new smart hospitals approach separately, We apply Babok standard, Business Analysis Body of Knowledge for this analysis. Unstructured interviews with all stake holders within the hospital through the use of focus group are conducted to identify the current challenges. On the other side, unstructured interviews with smart hospital group of experts also are performed to complement the software architecture requirements. Finally, we undertake a thorough investigation of a distinguished reference architecture known as Data as a Service (DaaS) within this domain. Next, we introduce a new software architecture for healthcare data sharing in smart hospital which supports identified requirements thoroughly. Evaluation of the proposed data sharing architecture regarding DaaS components and similar ones (Ketos architecture) are conducted. Results: Developed smart hospital data sharing architecture enables intelligent and effective deployment of hospital data through sharing with authorized parties. The architecture includes microservice components for developing services, a smart hospital core, and internally defined services tailored to meet specific operational needs. Conclusions: The proposed architecture based on several microservices, offers microservices capabilities for provision and usage, expandability, and integration with Hospital Information System (HIS) and SEPAS national system. Additionally, it enables communication and provision of value-added service through collaboration with 3rd partied ranging from startups to HIS providers, telco operators and medical industry partners, promoting interoperability and efficient and controlled data exchange to support innovation. Keywords: Healthcare data, Smart hospital, Hospital Information System, Data sharing, Microservice architecture Introduction: The abundance and diversity of healthcare data play pivotal role in service delivery to various stakceholders. Upon examination of the smart hospital requirements and state-of-art in literature, a critical requirement emerges - the provision of appropriate software architecture to conduct data sharing. Methods: Requirements analysis is carried out by both considering current challenges of Panzdah Khordad hospital as a case and new smart hospitals approach separately, We apply Babok standard, Business Analysis Body of Knowledge for this analysis. Unstructured interviews with all stake holders within the hospital through the use of focus group are conducted to identify the current challenges. On the other side, unstructured interviews with smart hospital group of experts also are performed to complement the software architecture requirements. Finally, we undertake a thorough investigation of a distinguished reference architecture known as Data as a Service (DaaS) within this domain. Next, we introduce a new software architecture for healthcare data sharing in smart hospital which supports identified requirements thoroughly. Evaluation of the proposed data sharing architecture regarding DaaS components and similar ones (Ketos architecture) are conducted. Results: Developed smart hospital data sharing architecture enables intelligent and effective deployment of hospital data through sharing with authorized parties. The architecture includes microservice components for developing services, a smart hospital core, and internally defined services tailored to meet specific operational needs. Conclusions: The proposed architecture based on several microservices, offers microservices capabilities for provision and usage, expandability, and integration with Hospital Information System (HIS) and SEPAS national system. Additionally, it enables communication and provision of value-added service through collaboration with 3rd partied ranging from startups to HIS providers, telco operators and medical industry partners, promoting interoperability and efficient and controlled data exchange to support innovation. Keywords: Healthcare data, Smart hospital, Hospital Information System, Data sharing, Microservice architecture

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_32975_fc6abf7b29980aa85f2fb4b97682190f.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 Correlates of job choice in dentistry students: decision to choose between achademic position or practicing in the private sector Correlates of job choice in dentistry students: decision to choose between achademic position or practicing in the private sector 193 199 32986 10.48305/him.2025.45106.1287 FA SHADI MOSAVI PhD Candidate in Economics, Department of Economics, Dehaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan, Iran 0009-0002-1984-1267 Shahram Moeeni Assistant professor, Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0002-1984-1267 Maryam Moeeni Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sayyed Mohammad Reza Davoodi Associate Professor, Department of Management, Dehaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan, Iran Journal Article 2025 04 25 Introduction،: Optimal distribution of dentists between the private and the public sectors is necessary to improve citizens' access to dental services. The present study investigated the factors related to the decision of general dentistry students to choose practice in the public or private sector. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. The population included general dentistry students affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Khorasgan Islamic Azad University in 2021, and the sample included 301 students. Data was collected via a self-completion questionnaire, and analyzed using Logit regression. Significance level was 0.05. Results: More than 63% of students preferred to practice in private sector. The probability of choosing public practice and academic positions among dentistry students with good grades was higher compering to other students. Age, gender, parents' education, years of study in the field of dentistry, and university of study had no significant relationship with students' career decision. Conclusion: The decision to practice in the private sector is widespread among different groups of general dentistry students. Policy making is necessary to motivate young dentists to choose public practice and academic position. Keywords: job choice, dentistry, private sector, public sector, academic position The main messages of the article: • A high percentage of general dentistry students preferred to practice in the private sector. • Students with a higher GPA had probably a greater desire to practice in the public sector and choose academic position. Introduction،: Optimal distribution of dentists between the private and the public sectors is necessary to improve citizens' access to dental services. The present study investigated the factors related to the decision of general dentistry students to choose practice in the public or private sector. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey. The population included general dentistry students affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Khorasgan Islamic Azad University in 2021, and the sample included 301 students. Data was collected via a self-completion questionnaire, and analyzed using Logit regression. Significance level was 0.05. Results: More than 63% of students preferred to practice in private sector. The probability of choosing public practice and academic positions among dentistry students with good grades was higher compering to other students. Age, gender, parents' education, years of study in the field of dentistry, and university of study had no significant relationship with students' career decision. Conclusion: The decision to practice in the private sector is widespread among different groups of general dentistry students. Policy making is necessary to motivate young dentists to choose public practice and academic position. Keywords: job choice, dentistry, private sector, public sector, academic position The main messages of the article: • A high percentage of general dentistry students preferred to practice in the private sector. • Students with a higher GPA had probably a greater desire to practice in the public sector and choose academic position.

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_32986_a08592f23ef8965b31192639b618b274.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 Designing Circular Supply Chain Models in the Public Hospital of Rafsanjan City Using Grounded Theory Designing Circular Supply Chain Models in the Public Hospital of Rafsanjan City Using Grounded Theory 200 209 33023 10.48305/him.2025.45131.1286 FA Zohreh Bagherfeyz Msc student, Industrial Management, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Salim Karimi Takalo Associate Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iranmber 0000-0002-4833-4873 Reza Soleymani Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Vali Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran 0000-0001-6657-9172 Journal Article 2025 04 26 Introduction: Circular supply chains in hospitals aim to optimize resources and reduce waste as a novel approach. This study was conducted to design a circular supply chain model in the Aliebn abitaleb hospital of Rafsanjan city using grounded theory. Methods: This qualitative study employed grounded theory. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts familiar with circular supply chains. Results: In this study, 121 open codes and 25 axial codes were identified in the circular supply chain of the public educational hospital of Rafsanjan, categorized into six selective codes: causal conditions (political dynamics, strategic communications, inter-organizational cooperation, inter-departmental collaboration and coordination, community awareness and demands, employee dynamics, organizational dynamics, economic dynamics), contextual conditions (technology and information infrastructure, political infrastructure, environmental regulations, organizational regulations), strategic conditions (arrears payment, technology and innovation, design for sustainability and recycling, contractor performance monitoring, commitment and leadership management, education and knowledge development), outcomes (service quality management, resource management, waste management, environmental management), and intervening conditions (resources and facilities, human resources, consumption costs). Conclusion: The final model of the circular supply chain in the hospital includes five categories: causal conditions (40 open codes and 8 axial codes), contextual conditions (14 open codes and 4 axial codes), strategic conditions (32 open codes and 6 axial codes), outcomes (22 open codes and 4 axial codes), and intervening conditions or barriers (13 open codes and 3 axial codes). Introduction: Circular supply chains in hospitals aim to optimize resources and reduce waste as a novel approach. This study was conducted to design a circular supply chain model in the Aliebn abitaleb hospital of Rafsanjan city using grounded theory. Methods: This qualitative study employed grounded theory. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts familiar with circular supply chains. Results: In this study, 121 open codes and 25 axial codes were identified in the circular supply chain of the public educational hospital of Rafsanjan, categorized into six selective codes: causal conditions (political dynamics, strategic communications, inter-organizational cooperation, inter-departmental collaboration and coordination, community awareness and demands, employee dynamics, organizational dynamics, economic dynamics), contextual conditions (technology and information infrastructure, political infrastructure, environmental regulations, organizational regulations), strategic conditions (arrears payment, technology and innovation, design for sustainability and recycling, contractor performance monitoring, commitment and leadership management, education and knowledge development), outcomes (service quality management, resource management, waste management, environmental management), and intervening conditions (resources and facilities, human resources, consumption costs). Conclusion: The final model of the circular supply chain in the hospital includes five categories: causal conditions (40 open codes and 8 axial codes), contextual conditions (14 open codes and 4 axial codes), strategic conditions (32 open codes and 6 axial codes), outcomes (22 open codes and 4 axial codes), and intervening conditions or barriers (13 open codes and 3 axial codes).

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_33023_0390d17683e77e7e9d8c923134b1f5a1.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 Modeling Key Success Factors for Health Information Systems in Hospitals: From Qualitative Review to Empirical Validation Modeling Key Success Factors for Health Information Systems in Hospitals: From Qualitative Review to Empirical Validation 210 219 33015 10.48305/him.2025.43573.1282 FA Mahin Safaralizade PhD student Department of information & knowledge science, faculty of literature, humanity & Social science, science & research branch of Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0000-7910-1549 Nadjla Hariri Department of Information & knowledge Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-9703-5212 Fahimeh Babalhavaeji Department of Information & knowledge Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3738-2543 Fatemeh Nooshinfard Department of Information & knowledge Science, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8241-3954 Journal Article 2025 03 15 Introduction: A Hospital Information System (HIS) is a crucial tool in information technology. By managing patient healthcare information and documentation, it plays a significant role in improving services, reducing costs, and enhancing hospital productivity. This research aims to model the key success factors of health information systems in hospitals. Methods: This applied study, employing a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach, was conducted in 2024. The qualitative phase involved a meta-synthesis of reputable scientific articles published between 2000 and 2024, achieved through searching, selection, coding, and synthesizing relevant study findings. In the quantitative phase, 353 experts and middle managers from hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made, 41-item questionnaire (with confirmed content validity and a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.86). Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and PLS software. Findings: The results identified six influential factors contributing to the success of health information systems: Financial (0.712), Human (0.655), Managerial (0.584), Environmental (0.545), Organizational (0.434), and Technical (0.415). These findings primarily focus on identifying factors effective in the development of health information technology. Conclusion: The successful development of these systems necessitates comprehensive attention to these factors. Specifically, sound financial management and investment in human resources, alongside strong managerial support, are vital for effective implementation. Applying these key factors can enhance the productivity of health information management in the country. Introduction: A Hospital Information System (HIS) is a crucial tool in information technology. By managing patient healthcare information and documentation, it plays a significant role in improving services, reducing costs, and enhancing hospital productivity. This research aims to model the key success factors of health information systems in hospitals. Methods: This applied study, employing a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach, was conducted in 2024. The qualitative phase involved a meta-synthesis of reputable scientific articles published between 2000 and 2024, achieved through searching, selection, coding, and synthesizing relevant study findings. In the quantitative phase, 353 experts and middle managers from hospitals in West Azerbaijan Province were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made, 41-item questionnaire (with confirmed content validity and a Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.86). Data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and PLS software. Findings: The results identified six influential factors contributing to the success of health information systems: Financial (0.712), Human (0.655), Managerial (0.584), Environmental (0.545), Organizational (0.434), and Technical (0.415). These findings primarily focus on identifying factors effective in the development of health information technology. Conclusion: The successful development of these systems necessitates comprehensive attention to these factors. Specifically, sound financial management and investment in human resources, alongside strong managerial support, are vital for effective implementation. Applying these key factors can enhance the productivity of health information management in the country.

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_33015_b359ff14a406dbfe43f505e5b9dfbec8.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 Psychometry of the reproductive health literacy scale for women of reproductive ages Psychometry of the reproductive health literacy scale for women of reproductive ages 220 227 32988 10.48305/him.2025.45461.1322 FA FATEMEH MOHAMMADI NURSING AND MIDWIFERY FACULTY, ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, ISFAHAN, IRAN 0000-0001-8239-4928 Zeinab Heidari Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-4461-3437 Maryam Dehghani MSc. of midwifery, department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran Zahra Sohrabi Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mojgan Janighorban Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Sedigheh Farzi Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Internal and Surgical Nursing Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2025 07 16 Introduction: Reproductive health is a key dimension of overall health, encompassing a wide range of topics such as fertility planning, prenatal and postnatal care, prevention and treatment of genital and sexually transmitted infections, abortion, cancer screening, infertility treatment, and related counseling services. Given the pivotal role of health literacy in improving health outcomes, the availability of valid assessment tools is essential. The present study aimed to psychometrically evaluate a scale for assessing reproductive health literacy among women of reproductive age. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The initial instrument used was the Japanese version of the Women's Reproductive Health Literacy Scale, which, following translation and confirmation of face and content validity (both qualitative and quantitative), was administered to 290 women of reproductive age for construct validation. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, and the reliability of the instrument was evaluated through internal consistency. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of 27 items across five factors: “Comprehension and Application of Information,” “Self-care Knowledge,” “Evaluation of Information Credibility,” “Knowledge about Female Physiology,” and “Interactive Health Literacy.” These factors together explained 58.07% of the observed variance. The reliability of the scale was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.92. Conclusion: Since the psychometrically validated reproductive health literacy scale in this study has desirable validity, reliability, and clarity, it can be used as a reliable scale to measure women's reproductive health literacy and to design and implement interventions based on their needs. Introduction: Reproductive health is a key dimension of overall health, encompassing a wide range of topics such as fertility planning, prenatal and postnatal care, prevention and treatment of genital and sexually transmitted infections, abortion, cancer screening, infertility treatment, and related counseling services. Given the pivotal role of health literacy in improving health outcomes, the availability of valid assessment tools is essential. The present study aimed to psychometrically evaluate a scale for assessing reproductive health literacy among women of reproductive age. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The initial instrument used was the Japanese version of the Women's Reproductive Health Literacy Scale, which, following translation and confirmation of face and content validity (both qualitative and quantitative), was administered to 290 women of reproductive age for construct validation. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, and the reliability of the instrument was evaluated through internal consistency. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to the extraction of 27 items across five factors: “Comprehension and Application of Information,” “Self-care Knowledge,” “Evaluation of Information Credibility,” “Knowledge about Female Physiology,” and “Interactive Health Literacy.” These factors together explained 58.07% of the observed variance. The reliability of the scale was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.92. Conclusion: Since the psychometrically validated reproductive health literacy scale in this study has desirable validity, reliability, and clarity, it can be used as a reliable scale to measure women's reproductive health literacy and to design and implement interventions based on their needs.

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_32988_5b349d054e0d4716877ebf47579352e3.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 Quiddity and whys of Health Human Library: A Scoping Review Quiddity and whys of Health Human Library: A Scoping Review 228 237 32971 10.48305/him.2025.43229.1239 FA Rozhin Sadat Mostafa-Moghadam M.Sc, Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Librarian, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Central Library, Books and Publications Bran 0009-0001-3090-185X Rahele Samouei PhD, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0003-1179-4582 Firoozeh Zare Farashbandi Associate Professor, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 0000-0002-1231-642X Journal Article 2024 11 24 A human library is a place where people borrow a living or human book instead of borrowing regular books. The purpose of the present study is to investigate what and why a human library is good, including its definitions, goals, effectiveness, benefits, and applications. The present study is a scoping review in which 2570 articles were retrieved using relevant keywords in various Persian and English databases. After screening the sources based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final 44 articles were combined in a narrative form and presented in the form of tables. The findings showed that a human library is a safe place for interaction, education, and learning, as well as promoting dialogue with others. It is also a way to reduce prejudices, stereotypes, create understanding, and strengthen social relationships. The main goal of creating a human library is empathy, understanding, and mutual understanding in society. The effectiveness, benefits, and numerous applications, including "increasing empathy and understanding," "correcting attitudes and misconceptions," and "strengthening communication skills to create connections (interpersonal and social)," were mentioned for the human library. The topics discussed in the human library are often dedicated to the three main topics of "minority groups," "social issues," and "individual issues" in the context of psychological issues and social psychology. Understanding what and why a human health library is can provide a mechanism for health policymakers and medical librarians to appropriately implement and implement a human health library and improve the mental health of the individual and society. A human library is a place where people borrow a living or human book instead of borrowing regular books. The purpose of the present study is to investigate what and why a human library is good, including its definitions, goals, effectiveness, benefits, and applications. The present study is a scoping review in which 2570 articles were retrieved using relevant keywords in various Persian and English databases. After screening the sources based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final 44 articles were combined in a narrative form and presented in the form of tables. The findings showed that a human library is a safe place for interaction, education, and learning, as well as promoting dialogue with others. It is also a way to reduce prejudices, stereotypes, create understanding, and strengthen social relationships. The main goal of creating a human library is empathy, understanding, and mutual understanding in society. The effectiveness, benefits, and numerous applications, including "increasing empathy and understanding," "correcting attitudes and misconceptions," and "strengthening communication skills to create connections (interpersonal and social)," were mentioned for the human library. The topics discussed in the human library are often dedicated to the three main topics of "minority groups," "social issues," and "individual issues" in the context of psychological issues and social psychology. Understanding what and why a human health library is can provide a mechanism for health policymakers and medical librarians to appropriately implement and implement a human health library and improve the mental health of the individual and society.

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_32971_6e6b932765a4acb23ea40e12b4adbbac.pdf

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Health Information Management 1735-7853 21 4 2024 12 21 A Conceptual Review of Hospital Resilience in Crises and Disasters A Conceptual Review of Hospital Resilience in Crises and Disasters 238 247 32985 10.48305/him.2025.43473.1271 FA Somayeh Anisi Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-7873-9559 Kamran Hajinabi 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-1227-7106 Leila Riahi Associate Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, Seyed Jamaleddin Tabibi 4. Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8846-1033 Journal Article 2025 02 24 Introduction: Resilience is the capacity to anticipate, prevent, absorb, adapt, and transform in response to shocks and crises while maintaining essential health services. Initially emphasized during Ebola, it gained prominence during COVID-19. This study explores and clarifies the concept of hospital resilience in crises and disasters, highlighting its role in strengthening health systems. Method: A comprehensive conceptual review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Persian sources. Keywords included resilience, Crisis and Disaster, hospital, and their Persian equivalents. From 1,217 articles, 211 were relevant, and after further filtering, 23 articles were analyzed. Definitions, characteristics, and goals were extracted, redundant concepts removed, and key themes synthesized related to resilience strategies and tools. Results: Findings showed that adaptive, absorptive, and transformative capacities are key for resilience. Preparedness, anticipation, monitoring, and learning are essential tools. Features like risk awareness, robustness, redundancy, coordination, and recovery were identified, with responsiveness being the ultimate goal. Strengthening these capacities can enhance health system resilience. Conclusion: hospital resilience is multidimensional, involving capacities supported by proactive tools. Emphasizing adaptive capacity and improving coordination and awareness are vital for effective crisis and disaster management. Keywords: Resilience, hospital, crises and disasters Introduction: Resilience is the capacity to anticipate, prevent, absorb, adapt, and transform in response to shocks and crises while maintaining essential health services. Initially emphasized during Ebola, it gained prominence during COVID-19. This study explores and clarifies the concept of hospital resilience in crises and disasters, highlighting its role in strengthening health systems. Method: A comprehensive conceptual review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Persian sources. Keywords included resilience, Crisis and Disaster, hospital, and their Persian equivalents. From 1,217 articles, 211 were relevant, and after further filtering, 23 articles were analyzed. Definitions, characteristics, and goals were extracted, redundant concepts removed, and key themes synthesized related to resilience strategies and tools. Results: Findings showed that adaptive, absorptive, and transformative capacities are key for resilience. Preparedness, anticipation, monitoring, and learning are essential tools. Features like risk awareness, robustness, redundancy, coordination, and recovery were identified, with responsiveness being the ultimate goal. Strengthening these capacities can enhance health system resilience. Conclusion: hospital resilience is multidimensional, involving capacities supported by proactive tools. Emphasizing adaptive capacity and improving coordination and awareness are vital for effective crisis and disaster management. Keywords: Resilience, hospital, crises and disasters

https://him.mui.ac.ir/article_32985_1725734c1fe04061132a68c70fa100ca.pdf