Analysis of Drivers of Sustainable Open Innovation in Hospitals Using the Integrated ISM–DEMATEL Approach

Introduction: Hospitals, as vital institutions within healthcare systems, face challenges such as increasing service demand, limited human and financial resources, rapid technological advancement, and the requirements of sustainable development. In this context, sustainable open innovation, emphasizing collaboration, knowledge exchange, and sustainability principles, has emerged as an effective approach to addressing these challenges. Identifying and analyzing its key drivers is critical for improving hospital performance and sustainability.

Method: This study employed a combined ISM–DEMATEL approach. Data were collected through expert opinions in the healthcare sector and complemented by a systematic review of relevant literature. DEMATEL was used to identify causal relationships among the drivers, while ISM was applied to structure and level them based on influence and dependence.

Findings: The DEMATEL results indicated that managerial commitment, organizational learning culture, stakeholder engagement, and information technology infrastructure are the most influential drivers of sustainable open innovation in hospitals. The ISM analysis further revealed that inter-organizational interactions, staff training, and policy support at the macro level play foundational roles in achieving sustainable open innovation.

Conclusion: Achieving sustainable open innovation in hospitals requires focused attention on key drivers and the strengthening of structural relationships among organizational and extra-organizational factors. Managerial leadership, organizational learning, and supportive policymaking are critical determinants in this process.