Index
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012
Abstract
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نامه به سردبیر
Farhad Shokraneh
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 615-618
Original Article
Farkhonde Asadi; Hamid Moghaddasi; Aazamossadat Hosseini; Susan Azizi Gondozlu
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 619-631
Abstract
Introduction: Non-integrated health information has forced health sector to utilize information andcommunication technology (ICT). National health information infrastructure (NHII) integratesclinical and health information, decreases medical errors as well as costs, and increases patient’ssafety. ...
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Introduction: Non-integrated health information has forced health sector to utilize information andcommunication technology (ICT). National health information infrastructure (NHII) integratesclinical and health information, decreases medical errors as well as costs, and increases patient’ssafety. Thus, this article aimed to review the feasibility of NHII implementation in Iran fromperspective of ICT experts in Ministry of Health and other health-related organizations in 2009.Methods: This survey was conducted after identifying the NHII. The study population consistedof ICT managers and experts, and sample size was equal to the sample population. The data werecollected through interviewing and by means of questionnaire. The questionnaire was confirmedby health information management and ICT experts. The validity of the questionnaire wasconfirmed by content validity and its reliability by test-retest method (r = 0.84). Data wereanalyzed by descriptive statistics.Results: Despite a relationship between Ministry of Health and other health-relatedorganizations, only 14.28% of the organizations had fully integrated computerized informationsystem and were ready to connect to the Ministry of Health. Cultural, economic, andinfrastructural problems were 92.30% and lack of standards and legal issues with 84.61% werethe most important barriers for implementing NHII in Iran.Conclusion: Due to the lack of required infrastructures, implementing NHII in Iran is impossible.Developing culture, privacy laws enactment and ICT in addition to governmental supervision forestablishing required infrastructures should be implemented.
Original Article
Firoozeh Zare Farashbandi; Parastoo Parsaei Mohammadi; Ehsan Geraei; Morteza Amraei
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 632-645
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Quantitative evaluations are considered as one of the appropriate criteria inaccepting or rejecting the selection of information resources in libraries. Through theseassessments, one can evaluate how much the selected resources meet the needs of the users. Thepresent study aimed ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Quantitative evaluations are considered as one of the appropriate criteria inaccepting or rejecting the selection of information resources in libraries. Through theseassessments, one can evaluate how much the selected resources meet the needs of the users. Thepresent study aimed to review the cost-benefit analysis of the Persian books on Department ofLibrary and Information Sciences in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional survey described the current situation, evaluated how much thebooks in the field of Library and Information Science are used and did a cost-benefit analysis ofthese books in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahwaz. The study populationincluded all the Persian books related to the Library and Information Sciences at the aforesaiduniversity's libraries. Data collection tool was a researchers-made checklist, and the data werecollected using the Library software. Descriptive statistics and cost-benefit formula were used foranalyzing the data.Results: Findings showed that average total cost for using each of the books once wasapproximately 4589 Iranian Rial rate (IRR) which was considered to be a relatively high price.The lowest cost for using each book once was related to those published in 2002 (2913 IRR) andthe highest cost for using each book once was related to those published in 2005 (31413 IRR).Cost-benefit analysis of the books showed that the lowest cost-benefit was for the books relatedto the "library collection" (755 IRR), then in a growing rate for books related to the "references"(2777 IRR), "library management" (2877 IRR) and "organizing" (5693 IRR).Conclusion: The cost-benefit analysis showed that use of each of these books every time isexpensive and is not affordable for the libraries. The Persian books related to the "librarycollection" had a higher rate of use by the users than other books in the field of Library andInformation Sciences, and therefore have been more affordable.
Original Article
Mehrdad Farzandipour; Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Monireh Sadeghi Jabali
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 646-654
Abstract
Introduction: Based on individual independence rights, patients can refrain from being treated orcan voluntarily discontinue their treatment after receiving full information. This study aimed toreview the reasons of treatment refusal and the status of informed refusals for patients.Methods: This was ...
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Introduction: Based on individual independence rights, patients can refrain from being treated orcan voluntarily discontinue their treatment after receiving full information. This study aimed toreview the reasons of treatment refusal and the status of informed refusals for patients.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population included 135patients who refused to be treated in university hospitals of Kashan (except for the Psychiatricward) during summer 2010. Data were collected through a 35-item questionnaire by means ofinterviewing. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The most important common reasons for treatment refusals were patients’ inappropriatefeelings for hospitalization continuation (83%), low quality of hospital services (49%) andreceiving advices from their friends and families (35.5%). Providing information before signingthe consent form (64.2%), understandability of the consent form (69.2%) and interaction betweenthe patient and the physician (72%) were items with adequate or somewhat adequate statusmentioned by the patients.Conclusion: Improving status of hospitalization, mental condition, and patient tendency to behospitalized and also promoting health quality can result in decreasing personal satisfaction fordischarges against medical advices. To improve the status of informed refusals, more informationabout alternatives, their benefits and complications, and content of consent forms should beprovided to patients. Physicians should understand patients’ reasons to refuse treatment and try toeliminate obstacles and persuade them to continue their treatments.
Original Article
Zeinab Tamizi; Ebrahim Afshar; Saeed Rajaepour; Hossein Samavatian
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 655-662
Abstract
Introduction: It is necessary for every organization to periodically study its structure. The aim ofthis study was to identify the organizational structures of libraries of university of medicalsciences in Iran based on Stephen Robbins model.Methods: This was a descriptive survey. The study population ...
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Introduction: It is necessary for every organization to periodically study its structure. The aim ofthis study was to identify the organizational structures of libraries of university of medicalsciences in Iran based on Stephen Robbins model.Methods: This was a descriptive survey. The study population included all the central librarymanagers of medical university libraries in Iran in 2010-2011 (n = 44). Fifteen managers wereselected through simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the standardtranslated questionnaire of Robbins. The validity of this scale has been confirmed using sevenlibrary and management professionals and specialists. Its reliability was obtained 87% usingCronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistics.Results: Libraries in universities of medical sciences in Iran lack efficient structures and are notin an acceptable rate, i.e. the complexity was less than the average level, and the formalizationand centralization were greater than the standard level.Conclusion: The study results suggested that the organizational structures of universities ofmedical sciences in Iran are not efficient. Dimensions of the given structures need to be revised.
Original Article
Leila Seyyed Esfahani; Haleh Ayatollahi; Mostafa Langarizadeh
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 663-670
Abstract
Introduction: Prior to offer and implementation of new jobs, the readiness of staff for fulfillingthese jobs and the factors affecting on their readiness should be investigated. This study aimed todetermine the relationship between the readiness of staff working in the medical recordsdepartment, in undertaking ...
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Introduction: Prior to offer and implementation of new jobs, the readiness of staff for fulfillingthese jobs and the factors affecting on their readiness should be investigated. This study aimed todetermine the relationship between the readiness of staff working in the medical recordsdepartment, in undertaking new roles of health information management and the motivational andinhibitory factors of their participation in the continuing educational courses.Methods: This was an applied research study. The study population composed of 40 graduates inthe field of “medical records” working in the hospitals affiliated to the social securityorganization in Tehran. Due to the limited number of participants, no sampling method was usedin this study. Data were collected using Likert scale questionnaire. To confirm the validity of thequestionnaire, experts’ views were investigated and the reliability of the questionnaire was alsoconfirmed using the test-retest method (r = 0.945). Descriptive and inferential statistics, such asSpearman’s rho (rs) and t-test, were used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the participants’awareness of new jobs in health information management (HIM) and their age, work experienceand graduation year. Moreover, there was an inverse significant relationship between the awarenessof new jobs in the field of health information management and the motivational factors forattending in the continuing educational courses. No significant relationship was found between theawareness and inhibitory factors for participating in the continuing educational courses.Conclusion: It is important to offer necessary training courses to increase the level of awarenessand improve staff skills before offering new jobs to them. Staff participation in the training courseswill be facilitated if motivational factors are identified and inhibitory factors are controlled.
Original Article
Benyamin Mohseni Saravi; Azar Kabirzadeh; Esmaiel Rezazadeh; Ebrahim Bagherian Farahabbadi; Zolikha Asghari
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 671-678
Abstract
Introduction: Research has shown that medical consents are not valid. In fact, consents are usuallyprovided by unauthorized persons whose identification is not accurately approved. This researchtried to specify the effects of an admission guideline form on validity of medical consents.Methods: This experimental ...
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Introduction: Research has shown that medical consents are not valid. In fact, consents are usuallyprovided by unauthorized persons whose identification is not accurately approved. This researchtried to specify the effects of an admission guideline form on validity of medical consents.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in four teaching hospitals in Sari, Iran during2010. After reading the admission guideline, the case group had to present the necessarydocuments to prove their identity and be able to consent for their patient’s admission. The controlgroup included patients who had been admitted before the beginning of this project. Two copiesof the admission guideline form had been prepared (one for the hospital and one for the patients).The names of patients who had received the form were recorded in a list for further follow-up.The patients who had the form on the day of admission entered the study. A number of variablessuch as the validity of the consents for "treatment and surgery" and "using medical information",patient’s age, sex, and place of residence, the relation of the consenting person with the patient,and the patient, his/her attendant, and the receptionist’s education level were recorded. Usingprevious research, primary evaluations, and the formula of sample size, 66 persons form eachhospital were selected. Content validity was determined based on the relationship between thepatient and the consenting person. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square andbinominal tests in SPSS. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Employing the admission guideline form increased the validity of consents for treatmentand surgery and using medical information by about 18.6% and 15.6%, respectively. The validityof consents provided by patients younger than 19 years of age and 55-60 years old was higherthan the other age groups. The validity of consents was higher in the case group than in thecontrol group. In addition, the validity of consents was not significantly related with thereceptionist’s education level.Conclusion: Using the admission guideline form was improved the validity of the providedconsents. This form can be a beneficial tool to educate patients about the necessary documents inthe hospital. Furthermore, training the personnel and/or using the validity of consents as anevaluation index in their promotion will also be warranted.
Original Article
Hossein Mobaraki; Sayed Ali Akbar Ahmadi; Mohammad Reza Daraei; Mansureh Abbasi; Mohammad Hadi
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 679-685
Abstract
Introduction: In today’s changing world, in addition with establishing human capital, supportingsocial capital is one of other challenges in organizational behavior. Furthermore, social capital isa public characteristic, but it is resulted from individual efforts in making trust, relationships ...
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Introduction: In today’s changing world, in addition with establishing human capital, supportingsocial capital is one of other challenges in organizational behavior. Furthermore, social capital isa public characteristic, but it is resulted from individual efforts in making trust, relationships andcooperation. Without social capital, staff would not have willingness to share information andknowledge. This article investigated the social capital and the learning organization.Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study with practical and fundamental objectives.The study population included 120 staff of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The sample sizewas 92 subjects according to the Morgan’s table. They were randomly selected and theirviewpoints concerning the social capital were collected. The views were analyzed throughinferential statistics by SPSS software.Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the social capital andlearning organization in Qom University of Medical Sciences (P < 5%).Conclusion: Since social capital influences on improving and promoting the learningorganization, this type of capital in addition with other weaker aspects of social capital inadministrations and departments of medical universities must be identified and strengthened.
Original Article
Alireza Jabbari; Zahra Agharahimi; Zohreh Seid Moradi; Mahbobeh Ferdosi
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 686-696
Abstract
Introduction: Cosmetic surgery tourism, as one of the leading industries in the world, can be thesolution to strengthen the health and economic growth. The aim of this study was to identifycosmetic surgery tourism potential in Isfahan.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2011. Research ...
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Introduction: Cosmetic surgery tourism, as one of the leading industries in the world, can be thesolution to strengthen the health and economic growth. The aim of this study was to identifycosmetic surgery tourism potential in Isfahan.Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 2011. Research participants includedmanagers, plastic surgery and ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists of cosmetic surgery centerswho were selected based on the purposeful sampling. Data collection tool was a semi-structuredquestionnaire that was developed through interviews and observation in statistics of deputy oftreatment of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The framework analysis was used foranalyzing the interviews.Results: Seven themes were identified as the key factors related to the potentials of medicaltourism in the field of cosmetic surgery: demand potential, environmental potential, humanresource potential, infrastructure potential, inter-organizational relationship, competitiveconditions and promotion strategies. In terms of the medical tourism demand potential, themajority of the patients were Iranians residing abroad and few of the patients were those inneighboring countries. Environmental and human resources factors were in good conditions.Participants believed that in cosmetic surgery centers, infrastructure potential, developedplanning and clear guidelines, standardization of prices and considering to an efficient liabilityinsurance were not in an appropriate status. In addition, they mentioned that inter-organizationalcollaboration and promotion strategies were in a desirable condition. Furthermore, competitivecondition in cosmetic surgery centers in terms of cost advantage was desirable but in competingwith medical centers was undesirable.Conclusion: Isfahan has a good potential capacity in terms of cosmetic surgery; therefore, inorder to promote medical tourism in this city, having appropriate plans, strengthening basicinfrastructure and coordination between the organization and effective marketing are necessary
Original Article
Sima Ajami; Saeedeh Ketabi
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 697-710
Abstract
Introduction: Medical Records Department (MRD) is important for evaluating, planning andprioritizing health care services. The major aim of this study was to evaluate the performance ofthe MRDs of hospitals using multi-criteria decision-making approach in the selected hospitals ofIsfahan city, Iran.Methods: ...
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Introduction: Medical Records Department (MRD) is important for evaluating, planning andprioritizing health care services. The major aim of this study was to evaluate the performance ofthe MRDs of hospitals using multi-criteria decision-making approach in the selected hospitals ofIsfahan city, Iran.Methods: This was an analytical and cross-sectional study that was conducted in spring 2008 inIsfahan, Iran. The study population consisted of the MRD of Al-Zahra, Kashani and Khorshidhospitals in Isfahan. Data were collected through brainstorming technique. Expert Choicesoftware was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that relative weight of archiving unit had the higher degree ofimportance than others in terms of information management. However, in terms of customeraspect, relative weight of admission unit had the higher degree of importance than others.Relative weight of medical records departments in Al-Zahra, Kashani and Khorshid hospitals inIsfahan were 0.394, 0.342 and 0.264, respectively.Conclusion: It is necessary for managers to allocate and prioritize resources according toMultiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) ranking at every units of the MRD.
Original Article
Manijeh Ariaei; Afshin Sarafi Nejad; Jamileh Kouti; Zahra Mehdipour; Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 711-723
Abstract
Introduction: Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can be effective inreducing certain types of medical errors. This study aimed to assess the viewpoints of physiciansand nurses about practical use of these systems to prevent or decrease the incidence of errors.Methods: In a two-month ...
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Introduction: Computerized clinical decision support systems (CDSS) can be effective inreducing certain types of medical errors. This study aimed to assess the viewpoints of physiciansand nurses about practical use of these systems to prevent or decrease the incidence of errors.Methods: In a two-month cross-sectional study using two valid and consistent researcher-madequestionnaires, the viewpoints of one hundred physicians and nurses from university hospitals ofKerman University of Medical Sciences were collected concerning some of the important errorsin treatment process and nursing care that are preventable by alert or reminder systems.Results: All of the study subjects i.e. 65 females and 35 males from physicians and nurses filledout the questionnaires. Among them, 86% of the physicians and 90% of the nurses believed in thepossibility of medical errors and 88% of the participants agreed that using efficient computerizedsystems reduces medical errors. According to most of the responses, computer systems havepositive effects on reducing bed sore and emboli occurrences, eliminating physicians’ illegiblehand-writing and improvement of quality health care services due to accessing to the up-to-dateinformation. Moreover, nearly all the participants believed that computer systems have positiveeffects on reducing drug allergies and interactions as well as improvement of prescription qualitythrough availability of patient’s medical history. The top priorities for physicians were access toup-to-date information and alert about severe drug allergies and interactions, respectively; whilefor nurses, the top priorities were preventing bed sore and emboli and important issues in hightrafficwards.Conclusion: Staff of hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences believed thatcomputerized CDSS, either through reminders or alert systems, are effective to reduce errors inpatient care. These findings might be influencing for development and use of these systems
Original Article
Mostafa Chadeganipour; Hossein Rafiee; Rezvan Ojaghi; Seiyede Tayyebeh Hashemi; Ahmad papi; Mojtaba Akbari
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 724-732
Abstract
Introduction: Fungi are biological threatening which exist in all the environments. Libraries andarchive centers are a suitable environment for the growth of fungi. The aim of this study was toidentify fungal life-threatening factors for librarians and users in libraries of Isfahan University ofMedical ...
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Introduction: Fungi are biological threatening which exist in all the environments. Libraries andarchive centers are a suitable environment for the growth of fungi. The aim of this study was toidentify fungal life-threatening factors for librarians and users in libraries of Isfahan University ofMedical Sciences in 2011.Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The study populationincluded libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2011. 126 samples were chosen inseven libraries at three different day times (morning, noon and evening), from the atmosphere,books and surfaces (desks, computers, book shelves etc.). Culture media (Sc) containing sampleswere placed at 25-30° C. After the growth of fungi, they were identified by macroscopic andmicroscopic criteria.Results: A total of 2140 colonies belonging to 26 fungal genera were isolated from the sevenlibraries. The highest amounts of colonies (555) were isolated from the library of School ofDentistry and the lowest amounts (70) were isolated from the library of School of Managementand Information Sciences. Cladosporium, Penicillium, Yeasts, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillushad the highest prevalence and Aureobasidium Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis, Botrytis, Neurosporaand Curvularia had the lowest prevalence. There was no significant correlation between thesampling times and fungal contamination.Conclusion: Cladosporium Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Aspergillus Niger, which had thehighest prevalence rate, are the opportunistic pathogens that may cause infection for those proneto them.
Original Article
Ali Naseri Mohammad Abadi; Abolghasem Nouri; Azadeh Askari; Robab Sadegh
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 733-743
Abstract
Introduction: Public service motivation (PSM) is one of the few motivational theories, whichinvestigates the motivation and its organizational outcomes such as job performance in public andgovernmental sectors. By emphasizing on direct effect of PSM on job performance, previousstudies led to contradictory ...
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Introduction: Public service motivation (PSM) is one of the few motivational theories, whichinvestigates the motivation and its organizational outcomes such as job performance in public andgovernmental sectors. By emphasizing on direct effect of PSM on job performance, previousstudies led to contradictory results. In this study, it is supposed that the effect of PSM on jobperformance is indirect; thus individual-organization and individual-job proportion wereinvestigated as mediator variables in this correlation.Methods: Since nursing is one of the best jobs that the PSM might be observed in, this study wasconducted in governmental hospitals. Similarly, 103 nurses, who were employed in governmentalhospitals of Isfahan, were randomly selected and then answered to PSM, individual-organizationproportion, individual-job proportion and job performance questionnaires. Thereafter, the datawere analyzed through SPSS AMOS™ structural equation modeling software.Results: Findings indicated that the PSM had a significant and positive correlation with bothindividual-organization proportion (β = 0.371, P < 0.01) and individual-job proportion (β = 0.561,P < 0.001). In addition, positive correlation between individual-organization proportion andindividual-job proportion with job performance was also significant (β = 0.367, P < 0.001) and(β = 0.482, P < 0.001), respectively. However, according to what was assumed and hypothesizedfor the individual-organization proportion and individual-job proportion, PSM did not have asignificant correlation with job performance; therefore, the individual-organization proportionand individual-job proportion confirmed these two variables to serve as a mediator.Conclusion: While private organizations could rely more on material rewards such as financial aidfor motivating their employees in the direction of employer’s goals and interests, governmentalorganizations should focus on requesting their employees in order to attempt for advancing thecommunity goals as well as satisfying individual needs in order to increase their efficiency.
مقاله مروری نقلی
Susan Bahrami; Saeed Rajaeepour; Mohammad Hosseinn Yarmohammadia
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 744-756
Abstract
The current world is the era of wisdom and knowledge. Endowments, natural and tangible assetsare not the key factor for success of communities and organizations; instead, management ofintangible assets in this turbulent and challenging environment for the organizations are the keysuccess factor for them. ...
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The current world is the era of wisdom and knowledge. Endowments, natural and tangible assetsare not the key factor for success of communities and organizations; instead, management ofintangible assets in this turbulent and challenging environment for the organizations are the keysuccess factor for them. The organizations which are able to recognize these assets and managethem properly would perform better than their competitors. In order to manage these assets,organizations are to be aware of the current situation, and in order to eliminate such deficiencies,they are required to do the necessary actions. This article seeks to review and compare thecommon components and models of intellectual assets and properties in the organizations throughonline review literature of Persian and Latin references. Human capital includes knowledge, skillsand experiences of employees, managers and their effective response to the future. Structuralcapital refers to the daily activities required in the learning and knowledge, and it is considered asthe supportive infrastructure of the human capital. The relational investment represents formaland informal relationships in an organization with external beneficiaries as well as theirperceptions concerning the organization and information exchange between them. Nowadays,various models are used in organizations for understanding and measuring intellectual capitalsuch as the balanced scorecard model, technology Broker's IC audit model, Scandia navigator,intellectual capital index, and intangible assets navigator each of which with unique features andbenefits. Products and organizations run based on the knowledge in the knowledge-basedeconomy. Meanwhile, the most successful organizations are those utilize intangible assets betterand faster. Currently, the intellectual capital is used to create and increase organizational value,and success of an organization depends upon its ability to manage this scarce resource.
مقاله مروری نقلی
Hamid R. Jamali
Volume 9, Issue 5 , November and December 2012, Pages 757-767
Abstract
The present review article aimed to identify, introduce and compare models and frameworks usedfor the impact assessment of medical research. Comprehensive searches were conducted invarious databases in order to identify models and frameworks. Those works that proposed amodel or framework were chosen ...
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The present review article aimed to identify, introduce and compare models and frameworks usedfor the impact assessment of medical research. Comprehensive searches were conducted invarious databases in order to identify models and frameworks. Those works that proposed amodel or framework were chosen for the review and comparison. Thirteen different models andframeworks were identified. The level of assessment, items that models evaluate, and the type ofimpact they assess showed some differences. In terms of the type of impact, Research ExcellenceFramework was the only framework to cover all social, economic, cultural, and scientific aspects.There is still not a single standard model to assess the impact of medical research. However,among the proposed models, the payback model appears to be more widely used and accepted.There is also ambiguity in the utilizations of the terms “impact” and “outcome” and in someworks they have been used interchangeably.
