Document Type : Original Article
Author
Associate Professor, Department of Knowledge & Information Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying the components affecting people's health literacy is one of the important areas in the field of medical sciences. In this study, the construction and validation of a health literacy questionnaire has been done.
Methods: The current research is descriptive. The statistical sample of the research is 327 graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University who were selected by simple random method. To identify the items of the questionnaire, databases and related sources were checked first. The result of the investigation was the preparation of the initial version of the health literacy questionnaire with 28 items. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract dimensions and items, and Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability. Data statistical processing was done using SPSS and Monte Carlo software. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was equal to 0.89.
Results: Before the factor analysis, the correlation coefficients of the scores between the questionnaire questions were checked. According to the results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, exploratory factor analysis on the questionnaire was deemed justified. The findings of factor analysis showed that by removing two items from the whole questionnaire and analyzing the rest and rotating the results with the Varimax method, four dimensions of "access to health information"; "understanding health information"; "evaluation of health information"; and "use of health information" is obtained.
Conclusion: According to the findings, the proposed health literacy questionnaire has the necessary validity to assess the health literacy of adults.
Highlights
Rahim Shahbazi: Google Scholar
Keywords
Main Subjects
2. Delavar F, Pashaeypoor S, Negarandeh R. Health literacy index: A new tool for health literacy assessment. Journal of Hayat 2018; 24(1): 1-6. [In Persian]
3. Bitzer E. M, Sørensen K. Gesundheitskompetenz–Health Literacy. Das Gesundheitswesen 2018; 80: 754-766.
4. Nutbeam D, McGill B, Premkumar P. Improving health literacy in community populations: a review of progress. Health Promotion Internet 2018; 33: 901-911.
5. Azimi S, Ramezankhani A, Ghafari M, Rakhshani F, Ghanbari S. Comparison of health literacy between medical and non-medical students. Pajoohande 2015; 20(2): 78-85. [In Persian]
6. Mosley CM, Taylor BJ. Integration of health literacy content into nursing curriculum utilizing the health literacy expanded model. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 2017; 12(2): 109-16.
7. Tavousi Mahmoud, Mahdi Ebadi, Esmaeil Fattahi, Leila Jahangiry, Akram Hashemi, Mina Hashemiparast et al. Health literacy measures: A systematic review of the literature. Payesh 2015; 14(4): 485-496. [In Persian]
8. Macabasco-O’Connell A, DeWalt DA, Broucksou KA, Hawk V, Baker DW, Schillinger D, et al. Relationship between literacy, knowledge, self-care behaviors, and heart failure-related. J Gen Intern Med 2011; 26(9): 979-86.
9. Griffey RT, Kennedy SK, McGownan L, Goodman M, Kaphingst KA. Is low health literacy associated with increased emergency department utilization and recidivism? Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21(10): 1109-15.
10. Mitchell SE, Sadikova E, Jack BW, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy and 30-day postdischarge hospital utilization. J Health Commun 2012; 17 Suppl 3:
325-38.
11. Hardie N, Kyanko K, Busch S, Losasso A, Levin R. Health literacy and health care spending and utilization in a consumer-driven health plan. J Health
Commun 2011; 16 Suppl 3: 308-21.
12. Parandeh A, Soleimanabadi F. The Necessity of Integrating Health Literacy Content into Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum. Iranian Journal of Medical
Education 2019; 19: 530-532. [In Persian]
13. Roter D, Makoul G. Communicating health: priorities and strategies for progress–action plans to achieve the health communication objectives in Healthy
People 2010. US Department of Health and Human Services, July 2003. Objective; 2011.
14. Coleman C. Teaching health care professionals about health literacy: A review of the literature. Nurs Outlook 2011; 59(2): 70-8.
15. Scott SA. Health literacy education in baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States. Nurs Educ Perspect 2016; 37(3): 153-8.
16. Scheckel M, Emery N, Nosek C. Addressing health literacy: the experiences of undergraduate nursing students. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19(5-6): 794-802.
17. Osborne RH, Batterham RW, Elsworth GR, Hawkins M, Buchbinder R. The grounded psychometric development and initial validation of the health literacy
questionnaire (HLQ). BMC Public Health 2013; 13: 658.
18. Maindal HT, Kayser L, Norgaard O, Bo A, Elsworth GR, Osborne RH. Cultural adaptation and validation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): robust
nine-dimension Danish language confirmatory factor model. Springerplus 2016; 5: 1232.
19. Nolte S, Osborne R, Dwinger S, Elsworth G, Conrad M, Rose M, et al. German Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the health literacy
questionnaire (HLQ). PloS one 2017, 12(2): e0172340.
20. Kolarcik P, Cepova E, Madarasova Geckova A, Elsworth GR, Batterham RW, Osborne RH. Structural properties and psychometric improvements of the
health literacy questionnaire in a Slovak population. Int J Public Health 2017; 62: 591–604.
21. Huang Y, Ruan T, Yi Q, Wang T, Guo Z. The health literacy questionnaire among the aged in Changsha, China: confirmatory factor analysis. BMC Public
Health. 2019 Sep 4; 19(1): 1220.
22. Saleem A, Steadman KJ, Osborne RH, La Caze A. Translating and validating the health literacy questionnaire into urdu: a robust nine-dimension confirmatory
factor model. Health Promot Int 2021; 36: 1219–1230.
23. Rababah JA, Al-Hammouri MM, Aldalaykeh M. Validation and measurement invariance of the Arabic Health Literacy Questionnaire. Heliyon 2022; 8(4):
e09301.
24. Seo YJ, Kwak EM, Jo M, Ko AR, Kim SH, Oh H. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of short-form health literacy scale for adults. J Korean Acad
Community Health Nurs 2020; 31: 416–426
25. Liu Z, Yuan F, Zhao J and Du J. Reliability and validity of the positive mental health literacy scale in Chinese adolescents. Front. Psychol 2023 14: 1150293.
26. Wahl AK, Hermansen Å, Osborne RH, Larsen MH. A validation study of the Norwegian version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire: A robust ninedimension factor model. Scand J Public Health 2021; 49(4): 471-478.
27. Tavoussi M, Sedighi J, Montazeri A, Zarei F, Mozafari kermani R, Rostami R et al. Psychometric properties of health literacy measures in Persian biomedical
literature: A systematic review. Payesh 2021; 20 (6): 773-785
28. Ghanbari S, Ramezankhani A, Mehrabi M, Montazeri A. The Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents (HELMA): Development and psychometric
evaluation. Payesh 2016; 15 (4): 404-410. [In Persian]
29. Montazeri A, et al. Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA): Develoment and psychometric properties. Payesh 2014; 13: 589-600. [In Persian]
30. Maasoumi R, Tavousi M, Zarei F. Development and psychometric properties of sexual health literacy for adults (SHELA) questionnaire. Journal of Hayat
2019; 25 (1): 56-69. [In Persian]
31. Kalantari K. Data processing and analysis in social research using SPSS software. Tehran: Farhang Saba; 2012. [In Persian]
32. Klein P. An easy guide to factor analysis. Translated by Seyed Jalal Sadr al-Sadat and Asghar Minaei. Tehran: Samat; 2013. [In Persian]
33. Mesrabadi J. Inferential statistics in behavioral sciences. Tabriz: Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Publications; 2019. [In Persian]
)