Original Article(s)
Reza Dehnavie; Sayed Jamaledin Tabib; Mohammadreza Maleki; Arash Rashidian
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Neglecting to define important criteria in developing a Basic Health Insurance Package and to notice their real roles will result in defining a package which is politically unacceptable, non-economical, technically inefficient or mixed of them. Therefore development of Basic Health Insurance ...
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Introduction: Neglecting to define important criteria in developing a Basic Health Insurance Package and to notice their real roles will result in defining a package which is politically unacceptable, non-economical, technically inefficient or mixed of them. Therefore development of Basic Health Insurance Package should be according to appropriate composition of influential criteria. This study was carried out to determining Information Criteria to define Basic Health Insurance Package and their importance.Methods: The study was qualitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional, conducted in 2008. At the first Stage 20 Health insurance experts and involved people were interviewed. At the second stage the notified criteria in these interviews in addition to other criteria, revealed from conceptual study were viewed by experts of Iranian basic health insurance companies (52 People). The first stage data were analyzed in Atlas-Ti and the second stage data were analyzed in SPSS.Results: The revealed criteria from the first stage were classified as 32 criteria in Six groups. Iranian health insurance experts believed that most important factors involved in defining Iranian basic health insurance package were applicability, the view of politic individuals and groups, interventions cost, and patients’ membership in vulnerable patient groups. The study participants indicated cost-effectiveness of services, effectiveness of services, quality of evidence, and equity as the main factors by which the basic health insurance package can be defined appropriately.Conclusion: According to results the current influence of some criteria such as the view of politic individuals and groups, and vulnerable patient groups were much more than their appropriate influence in defining Iranian basic health insurance package. Also some criteria like cost- effectiveness, quality of evidence, long-term sustainability, and safety of manipulations were focused less than what was appropriate for defining the package. According to the results of this study it is suggested that for defining basic health insurance package more appropriately, Cost-effectiveness studies should be facilitated and the results of such studies should replace such criteria like the influence of different groups in defining basic health insurance package.Keywords: Iran; Insurance Health; Insurance Coverage.
Original Article(s)
Reza Safdari; Majid Maleki; Valialah Ghorbani; Farshid Monajemi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are important factors at human death and factor destroys human resources. Health intervention is a service for developing of health and diagnoses or modifies of process diseases. It is necessary that every country regarding to its goals, laws national, interests ...
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Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are important factors at human death and factor destroys human resources. Health intervention is a service for developing of health and diagnoses or modifies of process diseases. It is necessary that every country regarding to its goals, laws national, interests and standards, considers establishing such a system. A comparison of cardiovascular disease classification systems in selected countries with that in Iran could assist health care policy makers in their efforts to battle cardiovascular diseases.Methods: This descriptive-comparative study conducted 2007-2008. The cardiovascular diseases of the classification systems in USA, Australia, England and Canada were reviewed in order to prepare an appropriate model for Iran. Data collecting was done through literature review, Internet and email.Results: The cardiovascular disease classification systems of all the selected countries are national. The selected countries, with the exception of England, utilize a multiaxial classification model, especially designed to reflect the individual requirements of every single one of them. This model employs health care standards, e-learning, annual educational programs, and consultation with experts. Iran lacks such a national classification system for cardiovascular diseases.Conclusion: It seems essential that the cardiovascular disease classification system in health interventions in Iran be national if improvements are to be made in the fields of prevention and management of these diseases.Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Classification; Health.
Original Article(s)
Fatemeh Rangraz Jeddi; Maryam Ahmadi; Farahnaz Sadoughi; Mahmoodreza Gohari
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Mortality data are a cornerstone of epidemiological research and health plan. Unfortunately they dose not completed coincident to international standards; so due to important of issue and had not any research for precision and accuracy of death certification data in this region, this study ...
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Introduction: Mortality data are a cornerstone of epidemiological research and health plan. Unfortunately they dose not completed coincident to international standards; so due to important of issue and had not any research for precision and accuracy of death certification data in this region, this study was done in death certification data in inpatient Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital.Methods: An applied cross-sectional research on death certification data in inpatient Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital with 4 checklist (face and content validity) included precision and accuracy of general identification data and precision and accuracy of causes of death data was done, after that data were grouped in table and analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results: 301 death certification (60%) and 389 (77.5%) had precision and accuracy in view of general identification and 291 (62.3%) adults and 18 (51.4%) prenatal had precision and 328 (70.3%) adult and 19 (54.3%) prenatal had accuracy. 88 (17.5%) of general identification and 83 (17.8%) adult and 15 (42.9%) prenatal did not have completed, 309 (66.2%) adult and 21 (60%) prenatal had a correct sequence.Conclusion: More education for physicians for produce higher quality data and more emphasis for enough knowledge of illness and study of the medical record carefully, perform autopsy for necessary cases establishment of Medical Legal Department in hospital were recommended.Keywords: Hospital Mortality; Form and Records Control; Hospitals.
Original Article(s)
Abbas Sheikhtaheri; Khalil Kimiafar; Ahmad Barati Marnani
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Obeying patient rights is dependent upon the knowledge of healthcare providers about ethical and legal aspects of healthcare. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of physicians, nurses and medical record personnel about legal aspects of medical records in teaching hospitals affiliated ...
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Introduction: Obeying patient rights is dependent upon the knowledge of healthcare providers about ethical and legal aspects of healthcare. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of physicians, nurses and medical record personnel about legal aspects of medical records in teaching hospitals affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 325 healthcare personnel including physicians, nurses and medical record personnel were surveyed by a valid questionnaire designed based on Iranian laws and referenced materials. The questions were related to legal aspects of informed consent, confidentiality, and issuing certificates. We analyzed the data through the mean score (± SD) of correct responses.Results: The knowledge level of participants was moderate about legal aspect of informed consent (3.78 ± 1.36 from 8 points), confidentiality (1.45 ± 0.97 from 4 points) and issuing certificates (3.27 ± 1.79 from 9 points). Totally, the knowledge level was moderate (8.51 ± 2.83 from 21 points). Physicians had more knowledge and nurses less.Conclusion: Educating legal aspects related to medical records including confidentiality, informed consent, and issuing certificates for all of healthcare providers especially for nurses seems necessary.Keywords: Awareness; Legal Aspects; Medical Records; Confidentiality; Patient Satisfaction.
Original Article(s)
Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil; Laleh Samadi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: For many years, Ontologies have been available in many different forms, for example: classification schema, thesauruses, Authorized vocabularies, Terminologies and dictionaries. Terminology and knowledge resources are essential components of interoperability among disparate systems. So, ...
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Introduction: For many years, Ontologies have been available in many different forms, for example: classification schema, thesauruses, Authorized vocabularies, Terminologies and dictionaries. Terminology and knowledge resources are essential components of interoperability among disparate systems. So, this paper considered the ontology of UMLS (which was prepared by National Library Medicine of American and it is a part of Unified Medical Language System). In addition to, we evaluate whether names and relationships needed in biomedical informatics are present in the UMLS, and analyzed the compatibility between an ontology of the biomedical domain (the UMLS semantic network) and two other Ontologies : the Upper Cyc Ontology (UCO) and WordNet.Methods: In this study which has been done by the documentary and library methods (print & digital existing documentatins) about comparison between the UMLS and the other Ontologies (such as WordNet and Cyc), we try to consider the works 's like Burgun and Bodenereider, who surveyed on this field (and extracted the words which are related to the Biomedical informatics), in order to show the existence of relationships between them, as well as to determine and map them to the concept's of UMLS, and it΄s resources of it.Cyc categories that had no equivalent in the UMLS were integrated in our representation of the UMLS in order to build structure that was consistent with Cyc. They represent:Intermediate nodes, such as Primate (#$ genls Person Primate), (#$genls Primate Mammal)Generic concepts, such as simple repairing which is a super type of medical treatment event.Additional knowledge, such as biological taxon which provides information about biological categories, according to the general taxonomy of living beings.Analyzing in WordNet was held in two categories of Animal and Health disorder.Results: Roughly 50 Cyc categories were used for strictly covering the UMLS Semantic Network field. Approximately half of them were similar in both systems, for example Fish is similar in Cyc and in the UMLS. For the others, there was overlap between the Cyc and semantic network of UMLS. Thus it maps totally neither genetic function nor cell or molecular dysfunction in UMLS. Representation of anatomy differs, since elements of Cyc category Animal Body Region may be unhealthy body regions such as blisters, puncture wounds, which are abnormalities in the UMLS. In Cyc, Animal body part is a subtype of animal body region that includes both organs and body systems.For several UMLS semantic network (e.g. chemicals), there was no equivalent category in the public version of Upper Cyc Ontology. AdditionalThe set of 11,634 UMLS concepts from the ANIMAL class was mapped to WordNet, whose ANIMAL class contains 3,984 synsets. 2,154 concepts (19%) were found in WordNet, 73% of them in the WordNet ANIMAL class. The UMLS Health disorder class contains more than 140000 concepts, which were mapped to WordNet, 2,639 UMLS concepts (2%) were found in WordNet, and among them, 1,257 concepts (48%) belonged to the WordNet health disorder class.Conclusion: There is no standard ULO available yet.within a class, concepts may be categorized differently, even when the categories look similar.Keywords: Terminology; Thesaurus; Dictionaries; Medical Information Storage & Retrieval.
Original Article(s)
Somaye Sadat Akhshik; Abdolhossein Farajpahlou
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Medical libraries and information centers, as service organizations, need standard tools and methods to be able to measure and increase quality of their services, so as to be able to meet the needs of their users in support of the improvement of the performance of their parent institutions.Methods: ...
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Introduction: Medical libraries and information centers, as service organizations, need standard tools and methods to be able to measure and increase quality of their services, so as to be able to meet the needs of their users in support of the improvement of the performance of their parent institutions.Methods: One of the available standard tools of quality measurement is the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model. This model which is developed and introduced by the European Foundation of Quality Management, considers the organization from both, internal (Staff) and external (Customers) perspectives in terms of two criteria: Enablers and Results. A questionnaire was devised in the form of a survey on the basis of EFQM model so as to be applicable in medical libraries. To administer the questionnaire, a workshop was arranged in which target librarians participated. After some training on how to complete the survey and scoring the items, the questionnaire was handed to the participants and was collected as soon as they completed the survey.Results: Firstly, the EFQM model is applicable in medical libraries; secondly, acquiring 441.4208 points out of 1000 of which 203.0304 points are gained from Enablers and 238.3904 points from Results, shows that the Jondi Shapoor University of Medical Sciences libraries are in a medium level of quality in terms of IT management.Conclusion: This study revealed that from all criteria, Jondi Shapoor University of Medical Sciences libraries are in a better position in terms of leadership, while are not in a good position in terms of the results of staff and customers. Therefore, decision makers in this university should pay more attention to the latter factors and try to strengthen them.Keywords: Total Quality Management; Information Technology; Libraries, Medical; Universities.
Original Article(s)
Mohammad Tavakolizadeh Ravari; Maryam Nejabatian
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: The study on psychology of marriage rooted in the social issues. The field has also found its way to biomedicine. The current research, based on the document-term clustering methods, focus on term-proximity of documents that were related to the field of psychology of marriage in biomedicine ...
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Introduction: The study on psychology of marriage rooted in the social issues. The field has also found its way to biomedicine. The current research, based on the document-term clustering methods, focus on term-proximity of documents that were related to the field of psychology of marriage in biomedicine literature.Methods: The co-occurrence frequency of terms within the two different corpuses of documents resulted in two proximity matrixes. The corpuses contained sequentially the documents published during the years “1990-99” and 2000-2008”. Those documents were returned by two separate searches in Medline. The cosine method was established to determine the proximity of terms. Besides, the terms were clustered by the Ward’s method.Results: The measurement of term-proximity resulted in two graphs of hierarchical clusters. The comparison revealed that twenty terms up to thirty-eight kept permanently their proximity with one or more other terms during the two periods of study adult and 21(60%) prenatal had a correct sequence.Conclusion: Dividing correspond subjects with psychology of marriage into five areas prepares the opportunity to compare the two hierarchical graphs and find the relationship between and within those areas. Consequently, document-term clustering assists to answer some reference queries.Keywords: Psychology; Marriage; Classifications; Medicine in Literature; Medline; Subject Headings.
Original Article(s)
Kamal Ebrahimi; Shafi Habibi; Gholamhossein Tasbihi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Academic libraries are famous to be the hearts of universities, with the ever increasing importance of the evaluation of information technologies in academic centers, and libraries need to evaluate their status to accord with these conditions. The aim of this research is to provide an evaluation ...
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Introduction: Academic libraries are famous to be the hearts of universities, with the ever increasing importance of the evaluation of information technologies in academic centers, and libraries need to evaluate their status to accord with these conditions. The aim of this research is to provide an evaluation relating to the conditions of Tabriz University of Medical Science Libraries, and collecting information concerning the university libraries strengths and weaknesses data substructure, plus cumulating adequate information to help authorities who are in the research and educational planning educations of the university.Methods: The study is a descriptive one which has been fulfilled in on main academic library and eight related faculty libraries in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected from General Education Office, Financial and Accounting Departments of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and colleges in the campus. Data has been analyzed in Microsoft Excel software and compared with Iranian University Libraries Standards.Results: Findings show that Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Libraries follow 89% of Iranian University Libraries Standard. Regarding collection, university libraries have 11% of Iranian University Libraries Standard. About libraries space, 69% followed Iranian University Libraries Standard. In respect to budget, libraries have 81% of Iranian University Libraries Standard.Conclusion: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences status in comparison with collections section standards, seems to be very low and in comparisons with staff, space and budget is in good status, thus it is necessary to write and follow policies regarding collection development, library committee for centralizing libraries activities throughout the university, and allocation independent financial substantial budget for planning and developing Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Libraries.Keywords: Reference Standards; Libraries; Libraries, Medical.
Original Article(s)
Ahmad Shabani; Rasul Saadat
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: The current research seeks to evaluate the framework of the mentioned endeavors through the survey of the quality of the web pages of Iran's medical universities and the existence of their organizational metalinks.Methods: In this descriptive study, 40 web pages of the Iran's medical universities ...
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Introduction: The current research seeks to evaluate the framework of the mentioned endeavors through the survey of the quality of the web pages of Iran's medical universities and the existence of their organizational metalinks.Methods: In this descriptive study, 40 web pages of the Iran's medical universities were studied. The existence of the web pages, the type of the library soft wares, the characteristics of the help pages, and the subject of the organizational metalinks were studied by means of a researcher-made checklist. The data were analyzed by SPSS.Results: There was an interest in designing of web pages with the medical universities and their libraries in the international network; however there was a need for a homogeneity and unity of practice. These findings showed that 25 universities (62.5%) had a library web page, and out of them 16 library web pages were equipped with Ofogh software (the most frequency), and 1 library web page had Simorgh software, and 1 library web page had Payam software (the least frequency). These findings also revealed that 36 web pages of the medical universities had organizational metalinks, out of which the most (100%) were governmental organizations and private non-medical metalinks, and the least (19.4%) were news agencies.Conclusion: On the one hand, the middle managers apply international experiences, on the other hand, the attention to these types of electronic services has been increased and the standardization of the web pages will be occurred in the future.Keywords: Libraries, Medical; Internet; Schools, Health Occupations; Universities.
Original Article(s)
Fahimeh Zareieshamsabad; Aboulghasem Nouri; Hossein Molavi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of proactive personality in entrepreneurial intentions and career success.Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlatal research. The statistical population of the study was all the personnel's Isfahan University of Medical Sciences ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of proactive personality in entrepreneurial intentions and career success.Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlatal research. The statistical population of the study was all the personnel's Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were been selected from which a sample of 308 employees randomly. The questionnaires of this research were Proactive Personality Scale (PPS), Shapero and Crant's Entrepreneurship Intentions Scale, Career Satisfaction's Scale and Jackson's Personality Research Form for assessing need for achievement. Data were analyzed by applying with SPSS and stepwise and hierarchical regressions.Results: Results showed that R-square was 0.24; it means that 24 percent of variances between control variables and entrepreneurial intentions are common, and when proactive personality are added to regression it increased to 0.3, thus the pure relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions was 0.06 and it was significant (P < 0.0001). Also, the pure relationship between proactive personality and subjective career success was 0.02 and it was significant (P < 0.004), and the pure relationship between proactive personality and objective career success was approximately 0.01 and it was significant too (P < 0.028).Conclusion: This research shows that proactive personality has very important relationship with individual and environmental variables and though it could be helpful for performance and promotions of organizational goals.Keywords: Personality; Allied Health Personal; Universities.
Original Article(s)
Akram Nikbakht; Sayed Ali Siadat; Reza Hoveida; Azam Moghadam
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: There must be a dynamic relation between leadership and people's knowledge. This relationship takes place through motivation and encouraging people attitude for acquiring knowledge. The purpose of this article was to study relation between knowledge management and chairperson's leadership ...
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Introduction: There must be a dynamic relation between leadership and people's knowledge. This relationship takes place through motivation and encouraging people attitude for acquiring knowledge. The purpose of this article was to study relation between knowledge management and chairperson's leadership styles at Isfahan University Medical Sciences from faculty point of views.Methods: Research method was descriptive- correlation and statistical population consisted of all Isfahan University of Medical Sciences faculty members in academic year 1386-87. To do sampling, after estimating sample size, 170 faculty members were selected randomly as statistical sample. to collect data, two questionnaires were used including knowledge management and multi-factor leadership style questionnaire face content validity of both questionnaires for consistency among items were verified by experts. Cronbach’s alfa coefficient formula was used to determine questionnaires reliability which calculated at α = 0.92 and α = 0.89 respectively.Results: Analysis of research data showed that 1) there was a significant relation between knowledge management indices and transformational leadership style and correlation coefficient was r = 0.366 which was significant at P < 0.01 level, 2) there was no significant relation between knowledge management and transactional leadership style and correlation was r = 0.30, 3) there showed no significant relation between knowledge management and laissez– faire leadership style with correlation coefficient of r = 0.044, 4) there was no difference between grades average of knowledge management and multi-factor leadership styles with regard to age and academic rank, but there was a significant difference with regard to years of service at P < 0.05 level.Conclusion: Having transformational leadership style by Isfahan University of medical sciences chairpersons can increase more communication and participation by faculty members and makes possible exchange of knowledge through organization.Keywords: Leadership; Knowledge; Attitude; Information Management.
Original Article(s)
Maryam Yaghoubi; Saied Karimi; Ahmad Reza Raeisi; Marzieh Javadi; Nasrin Sharbafchi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: Old methods of administrating cannot cover the rapid changes today. These changes redounded new organizations like learning organizations to be formed. The purpose of this research is to Study of Relationship between the Learning Organization and Organizational Commitment among hospital ...
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Introduction: Old methods of administrating cannot cover the rapid changes today. These changes redounded new organizations like learning organizations to be formed. The purpose of this research is to Study of Relationship between the Learning Organization and Organizational Commitment among hospital managers.Methods: This is a descriptive analytic survey. The population of study was 210 nursing managers of 9 educational hospitals. Data gathering was done via learning organizational and organizational commitment questionnaires. Data analysis was done in SPSS software.Results: The mean score of learning organizational was 59.5 ± 18.5 among nursing mangers, and the mean score of organizational commitment was 60.8 ± 10.8. In general there was a significant relationship between learning organizational and organizational commitment based on Pearson test.Conclusion: In today's changing environment of very rapid changes seen in different areas of science and technology and the increasing complexity and dynamics of environmental factors, only organizations can survive and remain capable of growth that active adaptation (dynamic equilibrium). This aim can be fulfilled just in learning organizations.Keywords: Organizations; Administrators; Hospitals; Teaching.
Original Article(s)
Sayed Ali Mousavi; Fariborz Khorvash; Hosein Fathi; Hajar Fadai; Shirinosadat Hadianzarkesh Moghadam
Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2010
Abstract
Introduction: One of the basic problems of hospital management is lack of an effective fiscal system, which causes in loose cost control. Meanwhile, accounting techniques and economic analyses may help the managers to decide better in planning programs and investing fields.Then, it’s time to have a ...
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Introduction: One of the basic problems of hospital management is lack of an effective fiscal system, which causes in loose cost control. Meanwhile, accounting techniques and economic analyses may help the managers to decide better in planning programs and investing fields.Then, it’s time to have a better estimate of health care services costs in our competitive situation for the hospitals, in this case “The Isfahan Al-Zahra Hospital”. This study based on the data in the first half of 2006.Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study on different clinical and Para clinical departments of the Isfahan Al-Zahra Training and Medical Services.All direct and indirect costs gathered through fiscal system documents and via direct process observations. Health care costs estimated using cost accounting techniques after fragmenting all accumulated costs over relative cost centers. Data analyzed by Excel software.Results: The mean value of expense were 14.2 $, 0.7 $ and 4.6 $ in general clinical, libratory and radiology departments, respectively the mean value of expense were 2.8, 10.5, 24.5, 9, 2.5, and 5.8 in sonogeraphy,CT scan,MRI,EEG,ECG and rehabilitation departments respectively. Mean of different with the governmental price were 8.2, 0.03, 1, 6.7, 8.7, 22.9, 12, 0.1, and 3.7 $ in clinics, laboratory, radiology, sonogeraphy, CT scan, MRI, EEG, ECG and rehabilitation departments respectively.Conclusion: According to the findings, except for some Para clinic services, others showed a noticeable imbalance between their costs (at the end) and their Tariffs. This – in turn- conducted to an economic imbalance in those departments in the survey period.Keywords: Health Care Costs; Tariffs; Health Services; Hospital; Teaching.
