نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری نقلی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت بهداشت و درمان و مدیریت بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت مدیریت و انفورماتیک پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، کمیته‌ی تحقیقات دانشجویی، مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی- درمانی، دانشکده‌ی مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران
چکیده
امروزه تجارت خدمات سلامت به سرعت در حال رشد است و فن‌آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات این روند را آسان‌تر می‌سازد. خدمات سلامت طبق موافقت‌نامه‌ی عمومی تجارت خدمات (GATS یا General agreement on trade in services)، از طریق چهار حالت معامله می‌شوند. مهاجرت متخصصین سلامت یکی از اشکال تجارت خدمات سلامت است که به دلیل تغییرات دموگرافیک، سالمندی جمعیت و افزایش هزینه‌های خدمات سلامت در کشورهای با درآمد بالا به عنوان عوامل افزایش دهنده‌ی تقاضا، توسعه‌ی صادرات، افزایش درآمد ارزی و ارتقای دانش و مهارت‌های کارکنان به عنوان عوامل ترغیب کننده‌ی عرضه، روندی رو به رشد داشته است. با این که مهاجرت متخصصین سلامت مزایایی را برای کشورها در بردارد، اما می‌تواند چالش‌هایی نیز به همراه داشته باشد. هدف این مقاله، شناسایی فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های حاصل از مهاجرت متخصصین سلامت درکشورهای آسیایی بود. در این مقاله، تجارت خدمات سلامت به عنوان یکی از پیچیده‌ترین چالش‌های نظام سلامت، انواع آن و وضعیت کنونی کشورهای آسیایی در رابطه با حالت چهارم معاملات خدمات سلامت، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های حاصل از مهاجرت متخصصین سلامت بیان گردیده است. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که کشورهای وارد کننده یا صادر کننده‌ی خدمات سلامت، با فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای یکسانی روبه‌رو نیستند. مهاجرت به کشورهای با درآمد بالاتر، فرصتی برای کار و شرایط بهتر جهت متخصصین سلامت فراهم می‌کند و یک منبع درآمد برای کشور صادرکننده است. اما فقدان سیاست‌های صریح و روشن در این زمینه، منجر به تخلیه‌ی کشور مبدأ از نیروی کار متخصص -که به عنوان «فرار مغزها» از آن یاد می‌شود-، کاهش نیروی کار ملی و از دست دادن سرمایه‌های صرف شده در آموزش این کارکنان می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Trade in Health Services via Four Modes in Asian Countries: Challenges and Opportunities
نویسندگان [English]
- Alireza Jabbari 1
- Raja Mardani 2
1 Assistant Professor, Health Care Management, Health Management and Economic Research Center, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 MSc Student, Student Research Committee, Health Care Management, School of Health Management and Medical Informatics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]
Information and communication technology have made it easier to trade health services and the business is
rapidly growing. Health services under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are traded
through four modes. Migration of health professionals, the 4th mode of trade in health services, has had a
growing trend due to demographic changes, aging populations and rising health care costs in high-income
countries as factors that increase demand, and expanding exports, increase foreign exchange incomes,
increase knowledge and skills of employees supply as factors encouraging supply. Although migration of
health professionals to countries has advantages, it can be a challenge too. This study reviewed the
opportunities and challenges of migration of health professionals from the Asian countries. Trade in health
services as one of most complex challenges of health system, its various types, and the current situation of
Asian countries dealing with the fourth type were studied and opportunities and challenges of migration of
health professionals were expressed. Studies showed that countries importing or exporting health services are
not faced with identical opportunities and threats. Migration to higher income countries has the opportunity
to work and better conditions for health professionals and provides a source of income for the exporting
country. However, lack of explicit policies in this area will lead to the depletion of the country of origin from
skilled labor which reduces labor and leads to loss of national wealth spent on educating the staff.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Asia
- Trade in Health Services
- Challenges
- Opportunities
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